摘要
针对现有切段式甘蔗联合收割机输送通道易堵塞、含杂率与损失率高等问题,该研究设计了一种切段刀辊中置式两级通道甘蔗联合收割机。该机采用短路径整秆输送通道和刮板筛网式蔗段输送通道,采用中置+后置风机组成的双风机除杂系统,实现甘蔗根切、喂入、输送、切段、风选除杂和卸料等联合作业。通过计算确定了整秆输送通道安装角度与宽度、喂入与输送辊筒直径、切段刀辊外圆直径、蔗段输送通道刮板高度、风机位置等关键结构参数,以及喂入与输送辊筒转速、切段刀辊转速、除杂风机转速等关键作业参数,并研制了4GDZ-132型切段式甘蔗联合收割机样机。样机田间试验结果表明:在作业速度2 km/h、风机转速1 100 r/min时,含杂率为4.42%、总损失率为3.08%、蔗段合格率为92.10%、切割高度合格率为96.20%、宿根破头率为9.60%,整机作业性能指标满足切段式甘蔗联合收割机技术标准要求。
Sugarcane is one of the most important crops for sugar products in China.But the manual cutting and harvesting cannot fully meet the modern mechanization level of sugarcane production in recent years.For instance,the availability of sugarcane machines was only 3.28% over the pressing season in 2019-2020.Two types of sugarcane harvesters are commonly used:the whole stalk and chopper.The mainstream mode can be the sugarcane chopper harvester with a high operation efficiency suitable for the lodging sugarcane.The reason is that the sugarcane bending and collapse often occurred after the typhoons in the planting areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Province in south China.The broken and serious lodging sugarcane can easily induce the blockage of the delivery channel,high trash content,and loss rate during operation in the sugarcane field.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a sugarcane chopper combine harvester with a new delivery channel structure for serious lodging of sugarcane in the field during operation.In this study,a new type of sugarcane harvester was designed with a chopper drum centrally-mounted to a two-stage delivery channel.The delivery channel of the machine was also adopted for the short path straw and scraper screen billet.A double extractor system was composed of the middle and rear extractor fan,in order to realize the joint operations of sugarcane rooting,feeding,conveying,cutting,air separation trash removal,conveying,and unloading.The structural parameters were then calculated to determine,such as the installation angle and width of the whole stalk delivery channel,the diameter of the feeding and conveying roller,the outside diameter of the chopper drum,the height of the scraper in the billet delivery channel,and the position of the extractor fan.The operation parameters were also optimized,such as the speed of the feeding roller,conveying roller,chopper drum,and extractor fan.Finally,the prototype was developed for the 4GDZ-132 sugarcane chopper harvester.The field test showed that all performance indexes were better than before when the operation speed and extractor fan speed were 2 km/h and 1 100 r/min,respectively.Specifically,an optimal combination was achieved,where the trash content,the total loss rate,the qualified rate of the stalk,the qualified rate of cutting height,and the broken rate of ratoons were 4.42%,3.08%,92.10%,96.20%,and 9.60%,respectively.More importantly,the trash content and the total loss rate of the new sugarcane harvester were reduced by 5.58 and 3.92,1.78 and 5.12,2.08 and 1.92 percentage points,respectively,compared with the previous 4GZ-91,the Austoft 8000 and the 4GZQ-180 types sugarcane harvester.There was no blockage in the whole stalk delivery channel during the test,indicating the better performance of the machine and the moving parts.Since the central extractor fan slightly discharged some trash,such as soil,cane leaves,and cane top,there were no stuck trash in the scraper plate of the billet delivery channel.Furthermore,there was no channel blockage in the prototype,when harvesting the seriously lodging sugarcane.The better indexes fully met the performance requirements in the standard of a sugarcane combine harvester(JB/T 6275-2019).The finding can provide a strong reference to the development of sugarcane harvesting equipment in modern agriculture.
作者
武涛
任甲辉
刘庆庭
邹小平
张增学
周绍鹏
冯加模
何霖
Wu Tao;Ren Jiahui;Liu Qingting;Zou Xiaoping;Zhang Zengxue;Zhou Shaopeng;Feng Jiamo;He Lin(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期30-38,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52175227)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515010680)
国家糖料产业技术体系项目(CARS-170402)。
关键词
农业机械
收获
甘蔗收割机
切段式
输送通道
除杂系统
双风机
agricultural machinery
harvest
sugarcane harvester
chopper
delivery channel
trash removal system
double extractor fan
