摘要
实现碳达峰、碳中和是着力解决我国资源环境约束突出问题、推动高质量发展的内在要求。环境影响评价制度涵盖政策、区域、规划、项目不同决策层,被公认为是实现可持续发展的全球性机制,是一项重要的预防性制度。将碳排放评价纳入环评制度是推动减污降碳协同增效、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的重要途径,是落实国家重大战略的重要举措。研究结合中国国情和实际特点,深入分析如何辩证地处理好全球大国责任与国家经济发展、能源安全保障与高污染、高耗能(简称“两高”)产业、改善环境质量与降碳三大关系;探索性地从目标、理念、原则、路径、支撑五个层面搭建碳排放评价框架,提出“实现一个目标,转变两种模式,遵循三大理念,坚持三项原则,推进四大路径、提升四大支撑体系建设”的整体评价思路设想;提炼出具有中国特色的碳排放评价模式,提出支撑碳排放评价亟须解决的技术难点,以期为中国应对气候变化政策体系构建和环境影响评价管理工作提供全面有效的科技支撑。
Achieving emission peak and carbon neutrality is an inherent requirement to solve the problem of resource and environmental constraints and to promote high-quality development in China.The Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)system covers policy,regional,planning,and project decision-making levels,which is recognized as a global mechanism to achieve sustainable development and an important preventive system.Incorporating carbon emission assessment into the EIA system is an important way to promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development,and it is an important measure to implement the major national strategy.This study combined national conditions and characteristics in China,deeply analyzed how to dialectically handle the three relationships,which are:the responsibility of global powers and national economic development,energy security,high pollution and high energy consumption("two high")industries;improving environmental quality and reducing carbon.The study established the carbon emission evaluation framework from five aspects of goal,concept,principle,path and support,and proposed the overall evaluation idea of"achieving one goal,changing two modes,following three concepts,adhering to three principles,promoting four paths and improving the construction of four support systems";Refining the carbon emission evaluation model with Chinese characteristics,putting forward the difficulties which need to be solved in the carbon emission assessment,so as to provide comprehensive and effective scientific support for the construction of climate change policy system and environmental impact assessment management in China.
作者
李小敏
许亚宣
赵玉婷
王凯
田健
LI Xiaomin;XU Yaxuan;ZHAO Yuting;WANG Kai;TIAN Jian(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境影响评价》
2022年第4期76-82,共7页
Environmental Impact Assessment
基金
生态环境部部门预算项目“重点区域和行业重大问题环境影响评价”(2110107)。
关键词
环境影响评价
碳排放评价
高质量发展
减污降碳协同
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)
carbon emission evaluation
high-quality development
coordinated treatment for pollution reduction and carbon reduction
