摘要
非洲长期面临粮食安全问题的普遍性与严重性、粮食供不应求的短缺性、粮食系统的脆弱性、粮食供给的对外依赖性等诸多困境。近年,因极端天气和自然灾害频发、新冠肺炎疫情的持续冲击、部分地区暴力冲突等情况,已使非洲国家在解决粮食不足问题时步履维艰。而2022年2月爆发的俄罗斯与乌克兰冲突则加剧了非洲地区的粮食安全困境。俄、乌两国是非洲众多国家粮食进口的主要供给方,俄乌冲突局势给非洲粮食安全走势带来了巨大的不确定性,不仅造成了非洲国家粮食供应链受损、粮食购买力下降,也给国际社会对非粮食援助增加了供需风险,进而加剧非洲国家的政治和社会不稳定。基于粮食安全方面的结构性和突发性风险,非洲国家亟待从治标与治本维度提升自身粮食安全保障能力,即采取加大支持农业的政策倾斜力度、发展智慧农业、优化粮食供需产业链、深度参与南南合作等举措,以期改善粮食安全状况。
As a special commodity,food is a constituent part of human security and national security.From the global perspective,Africa has been trapped in the dilemma of food security for a long time,facing many difficulties such as the prevalence and severity of food security,the imbalance and shortage of food demand and supply,vulnerabilities of food system,and strong dependency for food imports.In recent years,extreme weather,natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic have jeopardized the African food system to address food shortages.Since February2022,the Russia-Ukraine Conflict has worsened Africa’s food security dilemma in the following aspects:Russia and Ukraine are main food suppliers for many African countries.The ongoing conflict brings an uncertainty to Africa’s food insecurity,which not only threatened the food supply chain and the purchasing power and exposed the international community’s food aids to high risks,but also exacerbated the social instability in African countries.In terms of structural and sudden risks,African countries should take short-term and long-term solutions through governments’ policy and investments,smart agriculture,optimization of food demand and supply chains and the South-South cooperation to enhance their ability to improve food security level.
出处
《西亚非洲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期51-66,157,共17页
West Asia and Africa
基金
国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“《非洲通史》(多卷本)”(LSYZD21022)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
非洲粮食安全
俄乌冲突
供应链
粮食自我保障能力
African food security
Russia-Ukraine Conflict
supply chain
food self-protection level
