摘要
[目的]本文旨在探究加速溶剂萃取方法构建快速高效的小米油脂提取方法。[方法]以小米粉为原料,通过加速溶剂萃取仪分析萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取时间与循环次数对小米油脂得率的影响,采用响应面法对小米油脂的提取工艺进行优化,并通过GC⁃MS对所得小米油脂的脂肪酸组成进行分析。[结果]二氯甲烷⁃甲醇体积比对小米油脂得率的影响随二氯甲烷占比的降低呈现先增高后下降的趋势;随着萃取温度、萃取时间和循环次数的增加,小米油脂得率呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其中萃取温度对小米油脂得率的影响最大,其次是循环次数,萃取时间对其影响最小;萃取温度、萃取时间和循环次数两两交互作用对小米油脂得率的影响都较为显著,其中萃取温度和萃取时间的交互作用对小米油脂得率的影响较大。小米油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量(85.58%)远高于饱和脂肪酸含量(14.42%),其中亚油酸含量最高,占总脂肪酸含量的70.38%。[结论]模型预测的小米油脂得率为4.52774%,对应各因素的水平为:萃取时间12.20 min,萃取温度128.45℃,循环次数3.12次。此条件下的实际油脂得率为4.53%,接近预测值。加速溶剂萃取法不仅提高了小米油脂得率,节约萃取时间和萃取溶剂,且对小米中脂肪酸的组成几乎没有影响。因此,加速溶剂法可用于小米油脂的提取。
[Objective]To construct a rapid and efficient extraction method of millet oil by accelerated solvent extraction.[Methods]In this paper,the effects of extraction solvent,extraction temperature,extraction time and number of cycles on the yield of millet oil were analyzed by accelerated solvent extraction apparatus.The extraction process of millet oil was optimized by response surface methodology,and the fatty acid composition of the obtained millet oil was analyzed by GC-MS.[Results]The results showed that the effect of dichloromethane-to-methanol volume ratio on the yield of millet oil tended to increase and then decrease with the decrease of dichloromethane ratio.With the increase of extraction temperature,extraction time and number of cycles,the yield of millet oil showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,in which the extraction temperature had the greatest effect on the yield of millet oil,followed by the number of cycles,and the extraction time had the least effect on it.The interactions of extraction temperature,extraction time and cycle number all had significant effects on the yield of millet oil,among which the interactions of extraction temperature and extraction time had a greater effect on the yield of millet oil.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in millet oil(85.58%)was much higher than that of saturated fatty acids(14.42%),and the content of linoleic acid was the highest,accounting for 70.38%of the total fatty acid content.[Conclusion]The predicted yield of millet oil was 4.52774%,corresponding to the extraction time of 12.20 min,extraction temperature of 128.45℃and the number of cycles of 3.12.Under these conditions,the actual oil yield was 4.53%,which was close to the predicted value.The accelerated solvent extraction method can not only improve the yield of millet oil,save the extraction time and extraction solvent,but also has almost no effect on the composition of fatty acids in millet.Therefore,the accelerated solvent method can be used for the extraction of millet oil.
作者
康淼
郭瑜
马薇薇
张宏丽
于钰杰
王晓闻
Kang Miao;Guo Yu;Ma Weiwei;Zhang Hongli;Yu Yujie;Wang Xiaowen(College of Food Science and Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期11-18,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2021BQ30)
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211006)。
关键词
小米油
加速溶剂萃取
响应面法
脂肪酸
Millet
Accelerated solvent extraction
Response surface methodology
Fatty acid
