摘要
本研究利用物候期观察法、TTC染色法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法等对野生观赏植物黄金凤(Impatiens siculifer)的开花物候学、植物孢粉学、繁育系统、传粉生物学、传粉策略5个方面进行记录与分析。结果表明:(1)黄金凤花期为7—9月,共持续37.00~55.00 d,其开花进程分为花芽萌发期、花蕾期、初花期、盛花期、末花期、结实期6个时期;单花期一般持续5.00~10.50 d;初花期持续1.00~2.50 d,盛花期持续2.00~5.00 d,末花期持续2.00~3.00 d。(2)初花期花粉生活力最高(92.21%),盛花期柱头进入最强可授期;雄蕊先熟。黄金凤的单花花蜜量为(0.52±0.08)μL,花蜜含糖量为33.50%,符合自身繁殖策略,满足昆虫的传粉动机。(3)花粉与胚珠的数量比为691.95,杂交指数为4。繁育类型为专性异交型,其特征主要表现为部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。(4)6种授粉试验中异株异花授粉的结实率最高(83.33%);自然授粉结实率较高(60.00%),但低于人工自花授粉的结实率(76.66%);试验没有产生无融合生殖现象。黄金凤传粉通道长度为(13.10±0.12) mm,宽度为(6.82±0.25) mm,高度为(4.88±0.36) mm,适宜中小型昆虫的顺利通行。(5)黄金凤的传粉昆虫主要有6类:膜翅目蜂类、膜翅目蚁类、鳞翅目蝶类、鳞翅目蛾类、双翅目蝇类、鞘翅目甲虫类,其中膜翅目蜂类中的黄熊蜂(Bombus flavescens)访花次数最多,三条熊蜂(Bombus trifasciatus)次之。本研究可为凤仙花属野生观赏种黄金凤种质资源的育种扩繁、花期调控、引种驯化等保护与开发工作提供理论指导与科学依据。
In this study, Impatiens siculifer, an wild ornamental plant, was used as experimental material, and its flowering phenology, plant palynology, breeding system, pollination biology and pollination strategy were investigated by using the methods of phenological observation, TTC staining and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The results were as follows.(1) I. siculifer bloomed from July to September, whose blooming period lasted 37.00~55.00 d. Its flowering process was divided into six stages including bud germination stage, bud stage, early florescence stage, full bloom stage, end florescence stage and fruiting stage. Single flower generally survived from 5.00 d to 10.50 d, in which, the early florescence stage lasted 1.00~2.50 d, the full bloom stage lasted 2.00~5.00 d, and the end florescence stage lasted 2.00~3.00 d.(2) The highest pollen viability at early florescence stage was 92.21%. The stigma was the strongest receptive at full bloom stage, and stamens were ripe firstly. The nectar amount in the spur of single flower was(0.52±0.08)μL and its sugar content reached 33.50%, which could meet the needs of insects and its own breeding strategy.(3) The ratio of pollen amount to ovule amount was 691.95, and the hybridization index reached 4. The breeding system mainly belonged to out-crossing type which needed pollinators and some were self-compatible.(4) The seed setting rate of cross-pollination in different plants was the highest(83.33%);the setting percentage of natural pollination was higher(60.00%), but was lower than that of artificial self-pollination(76.66%). The apomixes was not found in this study. The length of its pollination channel was(13.10±0.12) mm, the channel width was(6.82±0.25) mm and the channel height was(4.88±0.36) mm, so it was suitable for small-and medium-size insects to pass.(5) There were six main types of pollinators including bees of Hymenoptera, ants of Hymenoptera, butterflies of Lepidoptera, moths of Lepidoptera, flies of Diptera and beetles of Coleoptera, in which, Bombus flavescens was the most pollinators, and Bombus trifasciatus was the second. This study could provide some theoretical guidance and scientific bases for protection and development of wild ornamental species of I. siculifer, such as breeding and propagation, flowering regulation, introduction and domestication.
作者
曹孟会
邵琳亚
张颖
刘婕
左鹏飞
汪琼
黄海泉
黄美娟
Cao Menghui;Shao Linya;Zhang Ying;Liu Jie;Zuo Pengfei;Wang Qiong;Huang Haiquan;Huang Meijuan(College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences/Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture,State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization/Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第7期66-71,共6页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860230,32060364,32060366,31560228)
云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090052)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021Y264)
云南省中青年学术和技术带头人培养项目(2015HB046,2018HB024)
云南省高校园林植物与观赏园艺科技创新团队(51700204)。
关键词
黄金凤
野生观赏植物
开花物候学
繁殖生物学
保护与开发
Impatiens siculifer
Wild ornamental plant
Flowering phenology
Reproductive biology
Protection and development
