摘要
危险作业罪属于职业犯和法定犯,在不具有业务性的活动中不能构成该罪,应当对“有关安全管理的规定”作广义理解。妨害安全设备、设施的运行包括硬妨害和软妨害两种手段。与拒不执行重大事故隐患有关的行政处罚包括多种具体形式,不能作过窄解释。对刑法第134条之一第3项中的“等高度危险的生产作业活动”中的“等”不能作过宽理解。危险作业罪主观方面可以是过于自信过失、间接故意或者直接故意,对于危险作业罪与以危险方法危害公共安全罪的界限,应从可能危及的人员数量、是否存在发生特别重大事故的危险等方面具体把握。实践中已经出现将“擅自从事危险物品生产、经营、储存等高度危险的生产作业活动”均以危险作业罪这一轻微犯罪论处的司法趋势,完全排除适用非法制造、买卖、运输、储存危险物质罪等更严重的犯罪,似乎有违背《刑法修正案(十一)》对危害安全生产犯罪加大处罚力度的立法初衷。
The Crime of Dangerous Operation belongs to professional crime and statutory crime. Therefore,this crime cannot be constituted in non-occupational activities, and “regulations on safety management”should be understood in a broad sense. Impairing the operation of safety equipment and facilities includes hard impairment and soft impairment. Refusing to implement administrative penalties related to major potential accidents includes various specific forms and cannot be explained narrowly. The “etc.”in the “highly dangerous production and operation activities,…etc.” in subparagraph 3 of Article 134-1 of the Criminal Law cannot be interpreted broadly. The subjective aspect of the crime of dangerous operation can be negligence with undue assumption, indirect intention or direct intention. The boundaries between the crime of dangerous operation and the crime of endangering public safety by dangerous methods should be specifically grasped from the aspects of the number of persons that may be endangered, whether there is the danger of a particularly serious accident, and the imminence of a major accident, etc. In practice, there has been a judicial trend that "unauthorized engagement in the production,operation, storage and other highly dangerous production and operation activities on dangerous substances" is regarded as the crime of dangerous operation, and almost completely excluding the application of the crime of illegal manufacturing, selling, transporting, and storing dangerous substances and other more serious crimes. This trend seems to violate the original legislative intention to increase the punishment for crimes endangering production safety in Amendment XI to the Criminal Law and there is suspicion of indulging crime.
出处
《江西社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期135-146,207,208,共14页
Jiangxi Social Sciences
