摘要
该文旨在探讨栀子性状(果形和颜色)与其中15个非西红花苷类成分的相关性。采用直尺和游标卡尺测量所有样品的干果长度和直径,通过果长与直径的比值表征果形;采用色差仪测定栀子样品的色度值L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)和ΔE^(*)。采用Welch Ultimate XB C色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),柱温30℃,检测波长238 nm,建立同步测定栀子中8个环烯醚萜苷、6个酚酸和1个黄酮共15个成分的HPLC分析方法,并测定了不同产地的21批栀子中上述成分的含量。通过多元统计分析方法将各样品果形和色度值与其中15个成分的含量进行相关性分析。依据流通情况及传统经验,21批栀子样品分为3类,分别是14批“江西货”(形圆小、色红黄)、4批“福建货”(形椭圆、色红)和3批水栀子(形最长、色最红)。长度/直径的均值大小为江西货(1.71)<福建货(1.99)<水栀子(2.55),色度值比较结果显示,a^(*)(红绿)均值大小为江西货(17.7)<福建货(19.7)≈水栀子(19.6);b^(*)(黄蓝)均值大小为江西货(24.4)>福建货(19.2)≈水栀子(19.3);L^(*)(亮度)均值为江西货(49.8)>福建货(48.0)≈水栀子(47.8)。江西货中15个成分总量在65.53~99.64 mg·g^(-1),8个环烯醚萜苷的总量在52.15~89.16 mg·g^(-1),6个酚酸的总量在6.10~11.83 mg·g^(-1),芦丁在0.145~1.81 mg·g^(-1);福建货中15个成分总量在69.33~94.35 mg·g^(-1),8个环烯醚萜苷的总量在63.52~85.19 mg·g^(-1),6个酚酸的总量在5.39~8.41 mg·g^(-1),芦丁在0.333~0.757 mg·g^(-1);水栀子中15个成分总量在77.35~85.98 mg·g^(-1),8个环烯醚萜苷的总量在68.69~76.56 mg·g^(-1),6个酚酸的总量在7.30~9.05 mg·g^(-1),芦丁在0.368~0.697 mg·g^(-1)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,栀子果形越瘦长,总酚酸(6个酚酸含量总和)和芦丁含量越低,但是和环烯醚萜苷类成分相关性不强;还显示,总酚酸与芦丁含量越高,栀子颜色越偏黄色;而且隐绿原酸、绿原酸和芦丁含量越高,栀子粉末越明亮;但是京尼平苷和新绿原酸含量越高、去乙酰车叶草苷酸甲酯越低时,则栀子颜色越偏红色。研究结果表明栀子性状与其内在化学成分密切相关,栀子果形越偏圆颜色越偏黄时其酚酸和黄酮含量越高,颜色越红京尼平苷含量越高。OPLS-DA结果表明,栀子样品果长/直径的比值、6个环烯醚萜苷(栀子新苷、山栀子苷、异栀子苷、京尼平龙胆双糖苷、6β-羟基京尼平苷和去乙酰车叶草苷酸甲酯)、2个酚酸(新绿原酸、隐绿原酸)和1个黄酮类成分(芦丁)的含量可作为区分3种样品的标志物。该研究结果为栀子“辨状论质”的科学内涵积累了实验数据。
This study aimed to explore the correlation of the content of 15 non-crocin components of Gardeniae Fructus with its external properties(shape and color).The fruit shape was quantified according to the length/diameter measured by ruler and vernier calliper and the chromaticity values L^(*),a^(*),b^(*),andΔE^(*)of all samples were determined by chroma meter.Chromatographic separation was conducted on a Welch Ultimate XB C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)under gradient elution with acetonitrile solution(A)and 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution(B)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^(-1).The column temperature was 30℃and the detection wavelength was 238 nm.The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established for simultaneous determination of the content of eight iridoid glycosides,six phenolic acids,and one flavonoid in 21 batches of Gardeniae Fructus samples.The correlation of the content of the 15 components with shapes and chromaticity values in each sample was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.According to the circulation situation and traditional experience,21 batches of Gardeniae Fructus samples were divided into three categories,namely 14 batches of Jiangxi products(small and round,red and yellow),4 batches of Fujian products(oval,red)and 3 batches of Shuizhizi(Gardenia jasminoides,longest,reddest).The Gardeniae Fructus samples were sequenced as Jiangxi products(1.71)<Fujian products(1.99)<Shuizhizi(2.55)in terms of the length/diameter average,Jiangxi products(17.7)<Fujian products(19.7)≈Shuizhizi(19.6)in terms of average value of a^(*)(red and green),Jiangxi products(24.4)>Fujian products(19.2)≈Shuizhizi(19.3)in terms of b^(*)(yellow and blue),and Jiangxi products(49.8)>Fujian products(48.0)≈Shuizhizi(47.8)in terms of L^(*)(brightness).The total content of the 15 components,8 iridoid glycosides,6 phenolic acids,and rutin in Jiangxi products was in the ranges of 65.53-99.64,52.15-89.16,6.10-11.83,and 0.145-1.81 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The total amount of the 15 components,8 iridoid glycosides,6 phenolic acids,and rutin in Fujian products was in the ranges of 69.33-94.35,63.52-85.19,5.39-8.41,and 0.333-0.757 mg·g^(-1),respectively.In Shuizhizi,the total content of the 15 components,8 iridoid glycosides,6 phenolic acids,and rutin was in the ranges of 77.35-85.98,68.69-76.56,7.30-9.05,and 0.368-0.697 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Gardeniae Fructus with leaner and longer fruit shape possessed lower content of total phenolic acids(the sum of the six phenolic acids)and rutin,but the correlation with iridoid glycosides was not high.Additionally,the higher content of total phenolic acids and rutin denoted the yellow coloration of Gardeniae Fructus,and the higher content of cryptochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,and rutin meant the brighter color of Gardeniae Fructus.However,the higher content of geniposide and neochlorogenic acid and the lower content of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester led to the red coloration of Gardeniae Fructus.The results indicated that the morphological characters of Gardeniae Fructus were closely related to its chemical components.The more round shape and the yellower color reflected the higher content of phenolic acids and flavonoid,and Gardeniae Fructus with redder color had higher content of geniposide.OPLA-DA showed that the length/diameter and the content of six iridoid glycosides(gardoside,shanzhiside,gardenoside,genipin 1-gentiobioside,6β-hydroxy geniposide,and deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester),two phenolic acids(neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid)and rutin could be used as markers to distinguish three types of samples.This study provided experimental data for the scientific connotation of"quality evaluation through morphological identification"of Gardeniae Fructus.
作者
叶潇
冯伟红
张东
刘晓谦
梁曜华
李春
王智民
YE Xiao;FENG Wei-hong;ZHANG Dong;LIU Xiao-qian;LIANG Yao-hua;LI Chun;WANG Zhi-min(National Engineering Laboratoryof Quality Control Technologyof Chinese Materia Medica,Insiute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第15期4098-4109,共12页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04807)。
关键词
栀子
水栀子
含量测定
色度值测定
统计分析
Gardeniae Fructus
Shuizhizi
content determination
determination of chromaticity value
statistical analysis
