摘要
为明确氮肥运筹对江淮地区稻茬小麦氮素转运、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响,选用当地主栽小麦品种扬麦20,在3种施氮量(180、225、270 kg·hm^(-2))和3个氮素基追比例(6∶4、5∶5、4∶6)组合的氮肥运筹模式下,分析了施氮量和基追比例对氮素转运、干物质积累及其贡献率、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施氮量和基追比例显著影响了小麦氮素在不同器官的分配比率、氮素利用率、氮收获指数、氮素转运效率、转运氮素对籽粒氮素的贡献率、干物质分配量和产量。在相同基追比例下,在施氮量180~270 kg·hm^(-2)范围内增施氮肥,成熟期籽粒干物质分配量、花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率、产量呈现先升高后下降趋势,以施氮量225 kg·hm^(-2)处理最高,270 kg·hm^(-2)处理次之,180 kg·hm^(-2)处理最低;小麦蛋白质和湿面筋含量呈上升趋势。在相同施氮量下,小麦氮素利用率、成熟期籽粒干物质分配量、花后干物质积累量及产量以基追比例6∶4处理最高。在施氮量225 kg·hm^(-2)、基追比例6∶4时,氮素在成熟期籽粒中的分配比率、氮素利用率和氮收获指数高于其他组合,氮素转运效率、籽粒干物质分配量、花后干物质积累及其对籽粒产量贡献率和产量显著高于其他组合,且籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值符合弱筋小麦标准。从提高产量和氮素利用效率两方面综合考虑,施氮量225 kg·hm^(-2)、基追比例6∶4可作为江淮稻麦轮作区域实现小麦高产优质的最佳氮肥运筹模式。
In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen translocation,dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of wheat in rice stubble,this study was conducted to analyze the changes of nitrogen and dry matter allocation,nitrogen translocation,post-flowering dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grain yield and quality under the nitrogen fertilizer management model with 3 nitrogen rates and 3 base/top dressing application ratios.The results showed that nitrogen application and base/top dressing application ratio significantly affected the distribution ratio of nitrogen in different organs,nitrogen utilization,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen translocation efficiency,contribution rate of translocated nitrogen to the grain and yield of wheat.Under the same base/top dressing application ratio,increasing nitrogen fertilizer in the range of 180-270 kg·hm^(-2),a trend of increasing and then decreasing was shown for dry matter allocation of grain,post-flowering dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grain,and wheat yield,with the highest at 225 kg·hm^(-2),followed by that at 270 kg·hm^(-2)and 180 kg·hm^(-2);grain protein content and wet gluten content showed an increasing trend.Under the same nitrogen application level,nitrogen utilization,grain dry matter distribution at maturity,post-flowering dry matter accumulation and theoretical yield were highest under the base/top dressing application ratio of 6∶4.The distribution ratio of nitrogen in grain,nitrogen utilization and nitrogen harvest index were higher than other combinations,and nitrogen translocation efficiency,dry matter distribution of grain,post-flowering dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grain and yield were significantly higher than other combinations at 225 kg·hm^(-2)of N application and base/top dressing application ratio of 6∶4,and meanwhile grain protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value conformed to the standard of weak gluten wheat.Considering the two aspects of increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency,the nitrogen application rate of 225 kg·hm^(-2)and the base/top dressing application ratio of 6∶4 can be used as the best combination of nitrogen fertilizer application to achieve high yield and quality in the Jianghuai rice-wheat rotation area.
作者
赵艳
罗铮
杨丽
王贝贝
李凌雨
王犇
马尚宇
樊永惠
黄正来
张文静
ZHAO Yan;LUO Zheng;YANG Li;WANG Beibei;LI Lingyu;WANG Ben;MA Shangyu;FAN Yonghui;HUANG Zhenglai;ZHANG Wenjing(Key laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow/Huai River Valley College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1001-1011,共11页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31801285)
安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020014)
安徽农业大学农业技术推广“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021kjtg003)。
关键词
氮肥利用率
干物质分配与转运
产量
籽粒蛋白质含量
Nitrogen use efficiency
Dry matter distribution and translocation
Yield
Grain protein content
