摘要
在呈现两汉社会生活的画像石、画像砖以及墓葬壁画等汉画中,射艺文化是其中描绘最为直接和全面的形象史料之一,并为广大射箭史研究学者所关注。研究通过汉画中射艺题材分类与分布的梳理,就其体现的汉代射艺类型、器材形制与特点以及文化意蕴进行了解析。研究认为,反映在不同汉画体裁中的射箭形态,就其呈现的内容形式而言,主要分为狩猎之射、战争之射、历史故事之射及以武艺健身与教育为主的习射等类型;就其展现的射艺方式而言,包括了步射、骑射和跪射等3种。在此基础上所体现出的汉代射箭器械形制,主要为弓矢、矰弋和弓弩等3种。汉画中所反映的汉代射艺活动,作为一种文化形态,在继承先秦时期射艺形式与技术的同时,也在某种程度上逐渐走向了弱化礼射形式化的道路,为在社会生活各个领域的实用性发展奠定了基础,之后的中国古代射箭技术与文化内涵的基本格局即奠基于这一时期。
As one of the most direct and comprehensive historical materials in paintings of the Han dynasty presented by stone reliefs,brick reliefs and tomb murals,archery culture form shows the social life of the period between the two Han dynasties,and has draw wide attention from researchers of archery history.By sorting out the classification and distribution of archery activities depicted in Han Dynasty paintings,this paper makes a comprehensive study of the types of archery,the shapes and features of instruments and the cultural implications of archery in the Han dynasty.This paper believes that the archery forms reflected in different genres of Han dynasty paintings are mainly divided into hunting archery,war archery,historical-story archery,and archery exercise for fitness and education.In terms of archery methods,it includes stepping shooting,riding shooting and kneeling shooting.On this basis,the shape of the Han dynasty archery instrument mainly included three kinds:bow,arrow with rope,and crossbow.As a kind of cultural forms,archery activities reflected in paintings of Han dynasty inherited archery form and technology of pre-Qin period,meanwhile gradually weakened ritual archery to some extent,which laid a solid foundation for development of practicability in a variety of fields in social life.The basic pattern of later ancient Chinese archery technology and culture connotation could also be traced back to this period.
作者
崔乐泉
王晓娜
CUI Lequan;Wang Xiaona(School of Chinese Martial Arts,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《体育学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期41-50,共10页
Journal of Sports Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目《中国古代体育项目志(汉民族部分)》(批准号:10zd&129)。
关键词
汉画
射艺
礼射
射以育人
射以娱心
弓矢
弓弩
矰弋
Han Dynasty paintings
Chinese Archery
archery rituals
archery for education
archery for entertainment
bow and arrow
crossbow
arrow with rope
