摘要
【目的】为明确长江中下游油稻轮作区不同秸秆还田方式对水旱轮作体系土壤化学性质与作物生长的影响。【方法】于2016—2021年在江西省九江市的典型水稻土进行了为期5年的试验,共设置双季秸秆不还田(CK)、油菜季秸秆还田(OS)、水稻季秸秆还田(RS)和双季秸秆还田(DS)等4个处理,于2019年开始连续监测了土壤pH、有机质、全氮和速效N、P、K等养分含量的变化,测定了作物产量及相关构成因素等指标。【结果】与不还田相比,秸秆还田显著增加了土壤有机质及N、P、K等养分含量;其中,尤以单油菜季和双季秸秆还田较为突出,前者显著提高土壤全氮3.84%和有效磷35.15%(P<0.05),后者显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量,平均增幅分别为4.73%、11.97%和56.04%(P<0.05);此外,与移除相比,秸秆还田显著提高了油菜和水稻籽粒产量,其中油菜以双季秸秆还田增产最大,平均14.61%,水稻以单水稻季秸秆还田增产最高,平均5.16%。相关分析表明油菜产量与株高和单株角果数(r=0.797,0.775,P<0.01),水稻产量与结实率(r=0.812,P<0.01)和株高(r=0.679,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,表明秸秆还田对油菜与水稻植株生长的促进可能是导致产量提高的主要原因。【结论】总体而言,周年秸秆双季还田模式对油稻轮作体系土壤肥力提升和作物增产效果最佳,建议在长江中下游区域进行推广与应用。
[Objective]This study aims to evaluate the effect of straw returning on soil chemical properties and crop yield in the rice-rape rotation at middle-lower Yangtze Plain of China.[Method]Five-year field research from 2016 to 2021 in the typical paddy soil in Jiujing City,Jiangxi Province were conducted.Specifically,4 treatments including straw removing(CK),straw returning in rape season(oilseed season,OS),straw returning in rice season(RS),straw returning in both rape and rice season(double season,DS)were included in this study. The soil pH,organic matter(SOM),total N,available N,P,K,and crop yield and its components had been measured since 2019.[Result]The result indicated that the contents of SOM and soil nutrition were increased by straw returning significantly(P<0.05),especially under the treatments of OS and DS.Compared with CK,soil total N and available P were increased by 3.84% and 35.15% respectively under OS;whereas SOM,available N and K were increased by 4.73%,11.97% and 56.04% respectively under DS.Moreover,the crop yields of rape and rice were also increased by straw returning significantly(P<0.05),compared with those of the straw removal.The highest crop yields were observed in DS and RS by average 14.61%for rape and 5.16% for rice greater than CK.Finally,significant-positive correlations were found between rape yields and plant height(r=0.797,P<0.01),between rape yields and the number of pods per plant(r=0.775,P<0.01);between rice yields and the seed set propagation coefficient(r=0.812,P<0.01)as well as plant height(r=0.679,P<0.05),which indicated that the major reason of yield increase was due to the rapid growth of rape and rice plant improved by straw returning.[Conclusion]In general,straw returning in both seasons(DS)is the optimal pattern for improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield in the rice-rape rotation system for the paddy soil at middle-lower Yangtze Plain,thus it is recommended to be popularized and applied in the area.
作者
陈国徽
赵小敏
谢国强
张颂
高冰可
陈艳芳
曹国军
蒋发辉
CHEN Guohui;ZHAO Xiaomin;XIE Guoqiang;ZHANG Song;GAO Bingke;CHEN Yanfang;CAO Guojun;JIANG Fahui(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Resources and Environment in Poyang Lake Valley,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangxi Province,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332000,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期813-824,共12页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1100603)
国家自然科学基金项目(41361049)
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-13)。
关键词
油稻轮作
秸秆还田
化学性质
产量
rice-rape rotation
straw returning
soil chemical properties
crop yield
