摘要
北大西洋公约组织的人工智能战略包含强化北约防务和技术实力、引领人工智能治理标准这两大战略意图。为此,北约将通过调配之前积累的数据,利用新型基金项目并依托跨国联通、官民结合的组织机制,以人工智能技术赋能其防务功能,以先行标准打造利于北约的人工智能治理体系。北约人工智能战略的形成有三方面动因,一是人工智能合作有益于强化北约同盟认同,二是人工智能的军用价值有助于北约“战略再转型”,三是美国的“科技竞赢”思维引领战略形成。目前,北约推进该战略主要面临四方面挑战:第一,军用人工智能缺陷尚存,战略实践存在风险;第二,北约规划合作的时间点相对靠后,战略位置不占优势;第三,同盟可支配预算有限,战略部署资源不足;第四,盟国间认知与实力差距较大,短期内难以协调。未来,在北约向“印太”地区投入更多资源和将中国视为“挑战”的背景下,北约推动人工智能军事化和同盟化的动向值得密切关注。
The Artificial Intelligence(AI)strategy of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)has the twin strategic intent of increasing NATO’s defensive and technological capabilities while also taking the lead in standard-setting for AI governance.To that end,NATO will use previously accumulated data,new grant-based projects,and a transnational institutional network involving public and private sectors to enhance its defense capabilities with artificial intelligence technology,and fashion a NATO-friendly AI governance system that is based on its lead in setting standards.Three reasons drive NATO’s AI strategy.First,AI collaboration is helpful in fostering common identity among the NATO alliance.Second,AI’s military applications are beneficial to NATO’s“strategic transformation.”Third,it is informed by the US notion of competing to win in science and technology.At the moment,NATO is confronted with four challenges in advancing the policy.First,since there are still flaws in military applications of AI,this may lead to strategic risks.Second,as NATO’s planning and collaboration are relatively recent,this has not helped it gain a head start.Third,the alliance has a tight budget and insufficient strategic resources.Fourth,there is a significant disparity among allies in terms of perceptions and capabilities,making short-term cooperation problematic.Since NATO may invest more to the Indo-Pacific region and increasingly regard China as a“challenge”,its efforts to militarize AI applications and promote it among allies should be closely monitored.
作者
孙成昊
王叶湑
Sun Chenghao;Wang Yexu
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期3-24,155,共23页
International Forum
基金
2020年北京市社会科学基金青年项目“大国战略竞争与东亚未来秩序的建构”(项目编号:20ZGC013)的阶段性成果。
关键词
北约
人工智能战略
军用人工智能
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
artificial intelligence strategy
artificial intelligence in millitary applications
