摘要
《民法典》众多条文与诸多内容是按照一定体例来安排的。对于《民法典》的体例是什么,存在一定争议。争议解决的关键在于探寻《民法典》在立法技术上以什么作为核心。在潘德克顿式体例下,民法典以受其总则调整的法律行为作核心。法律行为是“提取公因式”立法技术运用的典范,甚至是唯一体现。《民法典》以总则编第五章规定的民事权利作为核心,并以其来统领分则各编。立法者由此为《民法典》创设了一种独特的新体例。然而,法律行为依然很重要,以至于可以逆袭为《民法典》实际上的核心。在《民法典》中,法律行为除了在总则中获得调整,还在分则各编实现了“应有尽有”,尤其是物权行为的落地。因此,将法律行为确立为《民法典》的核心,并以此来重塑《民法典》的体例,并无实质性障碍。而且,这样做更具有科学性。相比之下,立法者赋予《民法典》的体例更多是一种经验主义的产物,它有待打破。
Many articles and elements of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(CCPRC)are arranged in a certain system.There is a controversy in academic circles as to what the system of the CCPRC is.The key to resolving this debate is to find out what is the core of CCPRC in terms of legislative technique.In the Pandektensysem,the Civil Code is centred on the legal transaction that is regulated by its general provisions.The legal transaction is the paradigm,if not the only embodiment,of the legislative technique of the“extracting the common factors”.The CCPRC is centred on the rights set out in Chapter 5 of the General Part,which governs all specific parts.The legislator has thus created a new and unique structure for the CCPRC.However,the legal transaction is still so important to the CCPRC that it can be reversed to become its de facto core.In the CCPRC,legal transactions are regulated not only in the General Provisions,but also in the various specific parts,especially in the area of acts in rem.There is therefore no substantial obstacle to establishing legal transactions as the core of the CCPRC and to reshaping its structure in this way.In doing so,it is a more scientific approach.In contrast,the system given to the CCPRC by the legislator is more a product of empiricism,which is yet to be broken.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2022年第3期212-231,共20页
Journal Of CUPL
关键词
法律行为
民法典
总则编
体例
民事权利
立法技术
legal transaction
civil code
general part
system
right
legislative technique
