摘要
为探明黄河干流宁夏段大型底栖动物与鱼类群落结构,于2019年春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月),在黄河干流青石段和卫宁段各设4个大型底栖动物采样点,采取河滩1 m^(2)采样;在中卫高滩、青铜峡大坝坝下、平罗陶乐渡口设鱼类采样点(37.4362N 104.9934E~38.8120N 106.6671E),采取捕捞、市场调查和走访相结合的方法采集鱼类样本和资料,分析研究种群密度、生物量、优势度、生物多样性及其时空分布特征。结果表明,黄河干流宁夏段共有大型底栖动物15种,年密度范围21~755个/m^(2),平均267.9个/m^(2),生物量0.8~840.2 g/m^(2),秋季种群密度与生物量最高,春季最低。优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limmodrilus hottmeisten)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowebyi)、中华圆田螺(Cipangopaiudian chinensis)、多足摇蚊(Polypedilum sp),Shannon-Wiener指数均值为1.068,夏季高于春、秋季,青石段高于卫宁段。鱼类7科26种,以鲤科鱼类为主,3个断面常见鱼类为鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、大鼻吻鮈(Rhinogobio nasutus)、黄䱂鱼(Hypseleotris swinhonis)、瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii),青铜峡坝下渔获量最大,秋季>夏季>春季。Shannon-Wiener指数均值为1.294,夏季高于春、秋季,青铜峡坝下最高,中卫高滩最低。
In order to ascertain the community structure of macrobenthos and fishes in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River,macrozoobenthos were surveyed in 4 sampling sites in each of the Qingshi and Weining sections of the Yellow River by the beach of 1 m^(2),and fishes were investigated at Zhongwei Gaotan,the Qingtongxia Dam,and Pingluo Taole Ferry(37.4362N 104.9934E~38.8120N 106.6671E)by combination of catching,market research and visits in spring(April),summer(July),and autumn(October)in 2019 to probe into population density,biomass,dominance,biodiversity and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of macrobenthos and fishes,so as to provide theoretical basis for the conservation of aquatic biodiversity and river ecological environment restoration in the Ningxia reach of the Yellow River.It was found that a total of 15 species of macrobenthos were observed in Ningxia section of the Yellow River,annual density range from 21 species/m^(2)to 755 species/m^(2),average annual density of 267.9 species/m^(2).The dominant species were shown to be tubifex Limmodrilus hottmeisten,earth worm Branchiura sowebyi,snail Cipangopaiudian chinensis,and mayfly Polypedilum sp.,with the maximal population density and biomass in autumn and the minimal one in spring.There were 26 species of 7 families of fish,mainly Cyprinidae,including three common species common carp Cyprinus carpio,crucian carp Carassius auratus,longsnouted gudgean Rhinogobio nasutus,Swinhon's sleeper Hypseleotris swinhonis and Amur ide Leuciscus waleckii,with the descending order of catch as in autumn>in summer,and>in spring,and with the maximum at Qingtongxia Dam.The macrobenthos had average Shannon-Wiener index of 1.068,and fish had average Shannon-Wiener index of 1.294.There was higher diversity of macrobenthos in summer than that in spring and autumn,and higher in Qingshi segment than that in Weining segment,with the maximum in Qingtongxia Dam and the minimum in Zhongwei Gaotan.
作者
胡朋成
苟金明
邱小琮
赵睿智
尹娟
HU Pengcheng;GOU Jinming;QIU Xiaocong;ZHAO Ruizhi;YIN Juan(Guan'an Forward District Water Bureau,Guan'an 638019,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001,China;College of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期38-46,共9页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)项目(NXYLXK2021A03).
