摘要
为了探究不同品种、胎次、断配间隔和输精次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验以健康、体况相近的长白猪、大白猪、长白猪和大白猪的二元杂交猪为研究对象,采用单次输精和传统深部人工授精配种试验猪,记录每窝产仔总数、产活仔数、产健仔数和初生窝重繁殖信息,研究不同品种、胎次、断配间隔和输精次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明:长白猪和二元杂交猪母猪的窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数及平均初生窝重差异不显著(P>0.05),且均显著优于大白猪母猪(P<0.05)。不同胎次母猪繁殖性能差异较大,母猪在第1胎或第2胎时繁殖性能最佳,窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数和平均初生窝重分别为13.01头、12.96头、12.28头和19.85 kg;第3胎和第4胎时繁殖性能趋于稳定,第5胎后明显下降;第6~8胎繁殖性能最差,窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数和平均初生窝重分别为11.54头、11.45头、10.89头、17.46 kg,除窝均产健仔数与第5胎差异不显著外(P>0.05),其他指标均显著低于其他胎次(P<0.05)。断配间隔为1 d或2 d的母猪繁殖性能最佳,窝均产仔总数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产活仔数、平均初生窝重分别高达13.06头、13.03头、12.50头、19.40 kg;断配间隔为4 d的母猪繁殖性能最差,窝均产仔总数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产活仔数、平均初生窝重分别仅为11.95头、11.87头、11.28头、18.38 kg,其中窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数均显著低于断配间隔为1 d或2 d、3 d的母猪(P<0.05),不同断配间隔母猪的平均初生窝重之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。单次输精的长白猪和二元杂交猪母猪的窝均产仔总数、窝均产健仔数、窝均产活仔数、平均初生窝重与传统深部人工授精差异不显著(P>0.05),但单次输精的大白猪母猪窝均产仔总数、窝均产活仔数、窝均产健仔数和平均初生窝重分别比传统深部人工授精高0.54头、0.63头、0.65头、0.65 kg,差异显著(P<0.05)。说明在本试验条件下,母猪繁殖性能受品种和胎次影响较大,断配间隔为4 d的母猪繁殖性能相较于其他断配间隔天数母猪繁殖性能降低,单次输精能显著提高大白猪母猪繁殖性能且不影响长白猪和二元杂交猪母猪的繁殖性能。因此,在批次化生产中应合理规划猪群胎龄结构、缩短非生产天数和适当采用单次输精技术进行生产,能够有效减少成本和提高母猪繁殖成绩。
In order to explore the effects of different breeds,parities,mating interval and number of inseminations on the reproductive performance of sows,healthy Landrace,Yorkshire,and binary hybrid pigs of Landrace and Yorkshire with similar body condition were selected for this experiment.Single insemination and traditional deep artificial insemination were used to mate trial pigs,and total litter size,number of live litters,number of healthy litters and newborn litter weight were recorded to study the effects of different breeds,parities,mating interval and number of inseminations on the reproductive performance of sows.The results showed that there were no significant difference in the total number of average farrowing per litter,number of average live farrowing per litter,number of average healthy farrowing per litter,and average primary litter weight between Landrace and binary hybrid sows(P>0.05),and they were significantly better than those of Yorkshire sows(P<0.05).The reproductive performance of sows with different parities was significantly different.The reproductive performance of sows during the 1 st to 2 nd parities,the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight litter weight at birth were 13.01 pigs,12.96 pigs,12.28 pigs and 19.85 kg,respectively.The reproductive performance of the 3 rd and 4 th parity tended to be stable,but decreased significantly after the 5 th parity.The reproductive performance of the 6 th to 8 th parities was the worst.The total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth were 11.54 pigs,11.45 pigs,10.89 pigs and 17.46 kg,respectively.Except that there was no significant difference between the number of healthy farrowing per litter and the 5 th parity(P>0.05),other indicators were significantly lower than those of other parities(P<0.05).Sows with 1 d and 2 d mating intervals had the best reproductive performance,and the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth were up to 13.06 pigs,13.03 pigs,12.50 pigs and 19.40 kg,respectively.Sows with a mismatch interval of 4 d had the worst reproductive performance,and the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth were only 11.95 pigs,11.87 pigs,11.28 pigs,18.38 kg,respectively.Among them,the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth were significantly lower than those of sows with mating intervals of 1 d and 2 d and 3 d(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average litter weight at birth between sows with different mating intervals(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth between Landrace and binary hybrid sows after single-insemination and traditional deep artificial insemination sows(P>0.05).However,the total number of average farrowing per litter,the number of average healthy farrowing per litter,the number of average live farrowing per litter,and the average litter weight at birth in Yorkshire sows with a single insemination were significantly higher than those of traditional deep artificial insemination(0.54 pigs,0.63 pigs,0.65 pigs,and 0.65 kg,respectively,P<0.05).The results indicated that the reproductive performance of sows was greatly affected by breeds and parities under the condition of this experiment.The reproductive performance of sows with a mating interval of 4 days was lower than that of sows with other mating intervals.Single insemination could significantly improve the reproductive performance of Yorkshire sows but did not affect the reproductive performance of Landrace and binary hybrid sows.Therefore,in order to effectively reduce the cost and improve the reproductive performance of sows,it is necessary to rationally plan the gestational age structure of pigs,shorten the non-production days and properly used the single insemination technology.
作者
何健
高广雄
李智丽
郭金彪
周玉
马亮亮
赵云翔
HE Jian;GAO Guangxiong;LI Zhili;GUO Jinbiao;ZHOU Yu;MA Liangliang;ZHAO Yunxiang(College of Life Science and Engineering,Foshan University,Foshan 528000.China;Guangxi Yangxiang Co.,Ltd,Guigang 537100.China;Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center,Shenyang 110000,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第16期49-54,共6页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
2021年广东省乡村振兴战略专项“畜牧业转型升级技术支撑”
2021年广东省联合培养研究生示范基地项目。
关键词
母猪
品种
胎次
断配间隔
输精次数
繁殖性能
单次输精
sow
breeds
parities
mating interval
number of inseminations
reproductive performance
single insemination
