摘要
在当前中国主动扩大进口和中美贸易摩擦频发的双重背景下,本文基于高度细分的中国制造业企业微观数据,从企业就业的二元边际视角评估了2000—2012年中国制造业企业就业动态,并实证检验来自美国的进口竞争对制造业就业动态的影响。研究发现,来自美国的进口竞争对制造业净就业无显著影响,但对其背后的就业动态影响显著;进口竞争对中国制造业企业就业动态的影响主要表现在抑制企业进入和促进企业退出,且该影响随着地区、企业所有制、贸易模式的变化而呈现差异。机制检验表明,进口竞争通过抑制企业生产率阻碍企业进入、增加企业退出。此外,考虑上下游产业关联后,进口竞争对就业动态的影响进一步扩大。研究结论表明,除了就业总量增长外,微观企业层面的就业动态对于“稳就业”目标的实现也至关重要。
Under the dual background of China's import expansion and frequent trade frictions with the United States,the employment dynamics of China’s manufacturing from 2000 to 2012 was evaluated,based on highly segmented micro data of Chinese manufacturing firms,and the impact of the import competition from the United States on the employment dynamics of China’s manufacturing was empirically tested.It is found that the import competition from the United States has no significant impact on the net employment,but has a significant impact on the employment dynamics behind it.The impact of import competition on the employment dynamics of China’s manufacturing is mainly reflected in inhibiting the births of firms and promoting the deaths of firms,and presents differences among different regions,corporate ownerships and trade patterns.The mechanism test shows that import competition hinders the births of firms and increases the deaths of firms by inhibiting the productivity of enterprises.In addition,the impact of import competition on employment dynamics is further enlarged after considering the upstream and downstream industry linkages.The conclusion shows that in addition to the growth of total employment,the employment dynamics at the micro‑firm level is also crucial to the realization of the goal of“stable employment”.
作者
葛阳琴
陈悦
Ge Yangqin;Chen Yue(School of Economics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230601,China)
出处
《技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期120-131,共12页
Journal of Technology Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新发展格局下国内价值链和全球价值链互动机制及稳增长效应研究”(21YJC790036)
安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“全球价值链调整对我国异质劳动力就业的影响机制与政策研究”(AHSKF2019D022)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“全球价值链重构对国内就业的影响研究:测度、机制检验与政策模拟”(JZ2021HGTA0138)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“进口贸易对就业的影响研究:基于全球价值链视角”(JZ2021HGQA0224)。
关键词
进口竞争
就业动态
企业进入
企业退出
import competition
employment dynamics
births of firms
deaths of firms
