摘要
随着新能源汽车产业的迅速发展,消费者对电动汽车续航里程的要求不断提高。高镍三元锂离子电池因其比能量高成为电动汽车中最具应用前景的动力电池,但该电池体系依然面临着低温性能差的问题。本文综述近年来高镍三元锂离子电池低温性能的研究进展,重点总结高镍三元锂离子电池低温性能的影响因素,一方面从热力学角度分析低温下高镍三元正极材料和石墨负极材料的结构变化、电解液相态和溶剂化结构变化以及黏结剂玻璃化转变对电池低温性能的影响;另一方面从动力学角度分析高镍三元电池低温放电过程中的速率控制步骤。归纳目前高镍三元锂离子电池低温性能的主要改善措施,其中低温电解液的设计包括优化溶剂、改善锂盐及使用新型添加剂三个方面,对电极材料低温性能的改善主要是通过体相掺杂、表面包覆及材料颗粒粒径降低的方式。总结电池中低温性能研究中存在的对电池低温热力学特性研究不够明确、对电池低温动力学过程研究方式单一以及对电池中的反应顺序存在的影响认识不足等问题。
With the rapid development of the new energy automotive industry,consumers’requirements for the range of electric vehicles have been increasing.The Ni-rich ternary lithium-ion battery has become the most promising power battery in electric vehicles due to its high specific energy,but the battery system still faces the problem of poor performance at low temperature.The research progress on low temperature performance of Ni-rich ternary power battery in recent years was summarized in this review.The influence factors on the low temperature performance of Ni-rich ternary power battery were summarized emphatically.On the one hand,the effects of low temperature performance from thermodynamics were analyzed,including the structural change of the Ni-rich ternary cathode materials and graphite anode materials,electrolytic phase transformation and solvation structure changes,and glass transition of binder.On the other hand,rate controlling step in the low temperature discharge process in the Ni-rich ternary lithium-ion battery was summed up.According to this,main modification measures of low-temperature performance in Ni-rich ternary power battery were summarized.Low temperature electrolyte was designed by optimizing solvents,improving lithium salts and applying new additives.In order to improve the low temperature performance of electrode materials,three methods were mainly employed:substitution,surface modification and smaller material particle size.The remaining shortcomings of the research on low-temperature performance of the battery were summarized,and the research on the low temperature thermodynamic characteristics of batteries is not clear enough.In addition,the research methods for the low temperature kinetic process of batteries are single,and the influence of the reaction sequence in batteries is insufficiently understood.
作者
韩富娟
常增花
赵金玲
王仁念
丁海洋
卢世刚
HAN Fujuan;CHANG Zenghua;ZHAO Jinling;WANG Rennian;DING Haiyang;LU Shigang(National Power Battery Innovation Center,GRINM Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;Materials Genome Institute,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)
出处
《材料工程》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期1-17,共17页
Journal of Materials Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0104401)
国家自然科学基金项目(21903067)。
关键词
高镍三元锂离子电池
低温
热力学
动力学
电解液
Ni-rich ternary lithium-ion battery
low temperature
thermodynamic
dynamics
electrolyte
