摘要
目的全面掌握甘肃省饮茶型地方性氟中毒(简称饮茶型地氟病)的流行范围、地理特征和受威胁人群等基础资料。方法2019年6月至2020年12月,按照《2019年饮茶型地氟病流行现状调查方案》和前期掌握的甘肃省各市(州)居民生活习惯等相关信息,选择有饮用边销茶习惯人群分布的甘南州、武威市、酒泉市、张掖市4个市(州)的12个县(市)作为调查地点。调查内容包括各县(市)温度、海拔、乡(镇)数、行政村(居民委员会,以村计)数、所辖人口数、民族构成、生产方式、边销茶饮用情况、茶氟含量等。茶氟含量检测参照《砖茶含氟量》(GB 19965-2005),并进行氟含量超标与否(>300 mg/kg为超标)的评价。结果调查地点年平均温度范围为0.2~12.7℃,除舟曲县外,其余11个县(市)年平均温度均<10℃;平均海拔高度范围为1200~4874 m,海拔高度>3000 m的县有6个(玛曲、天祝、肃北、肃南、阿克塞、碌曲)。12个县(市)总人口数为1051843人,有饮用边销茶习惯的少数民族492597人,占46.83%(492597/1051843);其中,藏族474620人,裕固族10152人,蒙古族4660人,哈萨克族3165人。在125个乡(镇)的860个村进行了边销茶饮用情况调查,调查率为79.48%(860/1082),村边销茶饮用率为57.67%(496/860),户边销茶饮用率为42.41%(3658/8625);从生产方式来看,阿克塞、肃北、玛曲、碌曲、肃南5个牧业县和半农半牧的天祝县的村和户边销茶饮用率均>95%。共检测茶样3664份,茶氟含量均值为481.33 mg/kg,有2588份茶样氟含量>300 mg/kg,占70.63%(2588/3664)。结论甘肃省仍存在大量饮用边销茶的人群,主要分布在阿克塞、肃北、玛曲、碌曲、肃南等低温、高海拔牧业县,受饮茶型地氟病威胁最大的民族为藏族。
Objective To comprehensively investigate the epidemic scope,geographic features and threatened population of tea drinking type endemic fluorosis in Gansu Province.Methods From June 2019 to December 2020,according to the"2019 Investigation Plan on the Epidemic Situation of Tea Drinking Type Endemic Fluorosis"and the relevant information about the living habits of residents in cities(prefectures)in Gansu Province,12 counties(cities)in 4 cities(prefectures)of Gannan,Wuwei,Jiuquan and Zhangye,which had the habit of drinking border-sale tea,were selected as the survey sites.The survey contents included temperature,altitude,the number of townships(towns),the number of administrative villages(residents'committees,referred to as villages),the total population under its jurisdiction,ethnic composition,production methods,drinking condition of border-sale tea,fluoride content of tea,etc.The fluoride content of tea was tested according to"The Fluoride Content of Brick Tea"(GB 19965-2005),and the evaluation of whether the fluoride content exceeded the standard(>300 mg/kg)was carried out.Results The annual average temperature of the survey sites ranged from 0.2 to 12.7℃,except for Zhouqu County,the annual average temperature of the other 11 counties(cities)was<10°C;the average altitude ranged from 1200 to 4874 m,and there were 6 counties(Maqu,Tianzhu,Subei,Sunan,Aksay and Luqu)with an altitude>3000 m.The total population of the 12 counties(cities)was 1051843,of which 492597(46.83%)were ethnic minorities who had the habit of drinking border-sale tea;among them,there were 474620 Tibetans,10152 Yugurs,4660 Mongolians and 3165 Kazaks.In 860 villages of 125 townships(towns),a survey was conducted on drinking condition of border-sale tea,and the survey rate was 79.48%(860/1082);the drinking border-sale tea rates of villages and families were 57.67%(496/860)and 42.41%(3658/8625),respectively.From the perspective of production methods,the drinking border-sale tea rates of villages and families in the pastoral counties such as Aksay,Subei,Maqu,Luqu and Sunan,as well as in the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral county of Tianzhu,were all>95%.A total of 3664 tea samples were tested,with an average fluoride content of 481.33 mg/kg.There were 2588 tea samples with a fluoride content>300 mg/kg,accounting for 70.63%(2588/3664).Conclusions There are still a large number of populations who drink border-sale tea in Gansu Province,mainly distributes in the low-temperature and high-altitude pastoral counties such as Aksay,Subei,Maqu,Luqu and Sunan.The ethnic group most threatened by tea drinking type endemic fluorosis is Tibetans.
作者
柏淑英
孙玮
陈晓燕
窦瑜贵
陈国华
Bai Shuying;Sun Wei;Chen Xiaoyan;Dou Yugui;Chen Guohua(Department of Endemic Diseases,Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第8期654-658,共5页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
氟
茶
民族
生产方式
Fluorine
Tea
Nationality
Production methods
