摘要
技术创业对社会高质量发展、初创企业知识和人才获取具有重要意义。多数创业者会经历技术员工到技术创业者的职业转换,完成任职组织到创业组织的流动过程。技术创业者相关研究主要关注流动后的情形,但根据高阶理论,流动前任职经历作为技术创业者的独特背景特征,势必通过个人特质影响创业企业重大战略决策和组织活动,并表现为绩效差异。鉴于此,以2009-2020年创业板上市的253家由技术员工创立的企业为样本,运用多元线性回归模型实证检验技术创业者流动前多维度任职经历对创业企业绩效的影响。结果表明:伴随流动,原结构资本消失且影响个人思维模式的国企工作经历显著负向作用于创业企业绩效;原结构资本依然有效且分别影响技术能力和眼光视野的非职务发明与海外工作研究经历显著正向作用于创业企业绩效;公司年龄负向调节非职务发明经历与绩效间关系;技术创业者创业前研发合作网络的中介中心度正向影响创业绩效。
Nowadays,China's economy has shifted from high-speed development to high-quality development,and the driving force lies in innovation.Since the"Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation"strategy was put forward,the technology-oriented enterprises have gained market support due to their unique technological advantages.Most of the investors will experience the career transition from technical employees to technical entrepreneurs,shift from working organizations to entrepreneurial organizations and realize the career mobility.According to the upper echelons theory,past experience,as a special background characteristics of this group,will influence the important strategic decisions and organizational activities of the enterprise through the formation of personal characteristics,and this is embodied in the differences of entrepreneurial achievement,namely the impact on performance.Scholars used to focus on the research of technical entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial activities,and ignored their mobility.In contrast the existing research on inventors'"mobility"mainly focuses on hired inventors,rather than entrepreneurial inventors.The latter have absolute control over the enterprise and the autonomy to choose major strategic activities,and their personal characteristics are bound to have a greater impact on the enterprise operation.To sum up,this paper integrates the above two levels and studies the impact of different dimensions of employment experience of technical entrepreneurs,including non-duty invention work experience,state-owned enterprises work experience and overseas work experience on entrepreneurial performance under the background of mobility.The reason why these three experiences are selected is that they represent three dimensions of cognitive social capital,including technical ability at the micro level,thinking mode at the medium level and vision at the macro level,as well as comprehensive analysis of whether the social capital structure continues the past pattern and its impact on performance.In this paper,253 enterprises founded by technical employees in the Second-board Market from 2009 to 2020 are selected as samples,and the multiple linear regression model is used to empirically test the impact of multi-dimensional employment experience of technical entrepreneurs before their mobility on entrepreneurial performance.In order to further explore the effectiveness of the duration of employment experience and structural social capital,this study adds age and social network related indicators to the original model to analyze the internal influence mechanism of previous experience.The results show that technical entrepreneurs with non-duty invention work experience and overseas work and research experience have a significant positive impact on performance,while working experience in state-owned enterprises has a negative impact.Company age negatively moderated the utility of non-duty invention work experience.The mediating centrality of inventors cooperation network has positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial performance.This paper centers around the technical entrepreneurs from the perspective of"mobility"background of career transition.It links the organizational experience before mobility with the performance after mobility,so as to trace the root of the existing characteristics of technical entrepreneurs.The conclusions enrich the understanding of the existing characteristics of technical entrepreneurs,as well as the research scope of social capital.The study provides reference for local technical entrepreneurs to use the social capital formed by the three experiences to promote entrepreneurial performance.Future research could focus on the"star scientists"who mostly cross the fields of science and technology with jobs both in enterprises and universities,and keep close contact with the two circles.Therefore their impact on innovation performance and the stages of impacts differ greatly from that of ordinary entrepreneurs,and it is believed to be worthy of study.
作者
任若冰
王成军
孙笑明
王雅兰
Ren Ruobing;Wang Chengjun;Sun Xiaoming;Wang Yalan(School of Management,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)
出处
《科技进步与对策》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第18期130-140,共11页
Science & Technology Progress and Policy
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71872141,72072140)
陕西省自然科学基金项目(2019JM-464)。
关键词
技术创业者
任职经历
企业绩效
社会资本
Technical Entrepreneurs
Employment Experience
Entrepreneurial Performance
Social Capital
