摘要
磷烯,即单层黑磷(BP),由于具有直接带隙、显著的结构和功能各向异性、高电荷载流子迁移率等,已经在生物医学、药物输送、生物传感、疾病的诊断和治疗等领域取得了很大的进展。和其他纳米材料相比,磷烯具有更优异的生物相容性和生物可降解性,在生物医药领域有很好的应用前景。虽然已有大量磷烯生物学效应的报道,但磷烯与生物大分子,如核酸、脂质、蛋白质之间相互作用的过程细节仍缺乏系统的研究。目前实验上无法观测磷烯与生物分子相互作用的动力学过程,分子模拟在获取精确动态结构方面具有独特的优势,被广泛应用于纳米材料和生物学领域。本文综述了近年来国内外利用计算机仿真和实验方法在磷烯纳米材料与蛋白质、脂质膜和DNA等生物大分子相互作用方面取得的最新研究进展,对磷烯生物毒性目前的研究进行了评述,并对未来需要解决的问题作了分析。本文将促进磷烯生物学效应的基础研究,也将推动磷烯纳米材料在生物医药领域的应用。
Phosphorene,a single layer of black phosphorus,has a direct band gap,strong structural and functional anisotropy,high charge carrier mobility and has made great progress in the fields of biomedicine,drug delivery,biosensors,and disease diagnosis and treatment.Compared with other nanomaterials,phosphorene has better biocompatibility and biodegradability,and has a good application prospect in the field of biomedicine.Although there have been a large number of reports on the biological effects of phosphorene,the details of the interaction process between phosphorene and biological macromolecules,such as nucleic acids,lipids,and proteins,still lack systematic research.The dynamic process of the interaction between phosphorene and biomolecules is currently unobservable experimentally.Molecular simulation has unique advantages in capturing precise dynamic structures that cannot be obtained in experiments,and is widely used in the fields of nanomaterials and biology.This article summarizes the latest research progress in the interaction of phosphorene nanomaterials with biological macromolecules such as proteins,lipid membranes and DNA,based on computer simulation and experimental methods in recent years.We reviewed the current research on the biological toxicity of phosphorene and analyzed the problems that need to be solved in the future.It was found that phosphorene nanomaterials with higher concentrations and larger sizes are more cytotoxic,and different types of cells have different toxic reactions to phosphorene nanomaterials.Phosphorene nanosheets have both destructive and inhibitory effects on proteins,depending on with which amino acid residues phosphorene is combined.Research on the interaction between phosphorene nanosheets and DNA macromolecules is still lacking.Current research results show that phosphorene nanosheets do not significantly damage DNA macromolecules.Generally speaking,the biocompatibility of phosphorene is better compared with other nanomaterials,but it also has certain biological toxicity.Phosphorene could produce biological toxicity in the following ways:(1)extracting phospholipid molecules from the cell membrane which destroys the integrity of the lipid membrane and weaken the cell activity;(2)producing reactive oxygen species which makes cells lose their vitality;(3)destroying the structure of biomolecules which makes them lose their biological functions;(4)snatching the ligand and occupying the active site which blocks the signal pathway of the signal protein and results in the loss of its function.Everything has two sides.Phosphorene’s toxicity is harmful to organisms,but it can be used for sterilization and it is also beneficial to kill cancer cells.Phosphorene nanomaterials are unstable,but they are beneficial to their degradation in the organism.Phosphorene nanomaterials with weak biotoxicity and easy degradation will become ideal candidates for nanomedicine.How to effectively reduce the negative effects of phosphorene nanomaterials and maximize their biomedical functions will be an important issue to be faced in the future.This review will promote the basic research on the biological effects of phosphorene,and will also push forward the application of phosphorene nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine.
作者
苟元园
张伟
李保玉
申雅璇
崔丹妮
史佳琪
GOU Yuan-Yuan;ZHANG Wei;LI Bao-Yu;SHEN Ya-Xuan;CUI Dan-Ni;SHI Jia-Qi(School of Materials and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Radiation Medicine and Protection,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)
出处
《生物化学与生物物理进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1431-1444,共14页
Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics
基金
国家自然科学基金(11774417,11604381)
徐州市科技项目(KC21020)
中国矿业大学大学生创新训练项目(201910290236X)资助。
关键词
磷烯
生物毒性
生物大分子
纳米材料
phosphorene
biotoxicity
biomacromolecule
nano-material
