摘要
秸秆直接还田会增加病虫害发生的几率,并且秸秆养分释放缓慢,会影响作物生长。秸秆经过处理后制备的新型“有机—无机颗粒复混肥”(以下称秸混肥),不仅能供给本季作物生长的养分需求,减少施肥的数量和次数,还能增加土壤有机质,在农作物中有广阔的应用前景。本试验通过研究不同秸混肥处理对甜玉米‘浙甜19’生长特性和产量的影响,明确秸混肥在鲜食玉米中适宜的施用量和施肥方式。2020年在浙江东阳玉米研究所基地进行春秋两季试验,春季根据施肥量和施肥方式的不同设置5个处理,另设2个对照处理,秋季增加棒肥处理。结果表明,春秋两季150 kg秸混颗粒肥和20 kg尿素底施的施肥量和施肥方式,‘浙甜19’的叶绿素含量与生产对照无显著差异,且施入颗粒肥的叶面积高于棒肥处理。春季150 kg秸混肥和20 kg尿素底施的产量与生产对照无显著差异,仅减产3.8%。150 kg秸混肥和20 kg尿素底施处理方式的氮肥利用效率和干物质量高于其他处理,分别较CK高6.39 g/g和7.82%,说明这种施肥方式更适宜甜玉米养分需求。综上,秸混颗粒肥能够部分代替生产中化肥使用,由于秸混肥的缓释效果,配施尿素才能够满足‘浙甜19’整个生育期的养分需求,同时颗粒肥的效果优于棒肥。因此,150 kg秸混肥和20 kg尿素底施的施肥量和方式可以代替传统施肥方式,起到减肥、减施的效果,同时可以减少人力投入,提高生产效率。
Straw returning can increase the incidence of diseases and pests, and the slow release of straw nutrients will affect crop growth. The new type of organic-inorganic granular compound fertilizer made of processed straw can not only meet the nutrient demand of crop growth in this season, reduce the application amount and times of fertilizers, but also increase soil organic matter and have a broad application prospect in crop production. This experiment studied the effects of different straw chemical mixed fertilizer treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of sweet corn‘Zhetian 19’, and clarified the application rates and mode of straw chemical mixed fertilizer in fresh corn planting. Two tests were carried out at Dongyang Corn Research Institute testing base in spring and autumn in 2020. According to different fertilization amounts and methods, 5straw chemical mixed fertilizer treatments and 2 controls were set up in spring, rod fertilizer treatment was added in autumn. The results showed that there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content between basal application of 150 kg straw chemical mixed granular fertilizer and 20 kg urea in spring and autumn and the control, and the leaf area under the granular fertilizer was higher than that under rod fertilizer. The yield of basal application of 150 kg straw chemical mixed fertilizer and 20 kg urea had no significant difference with that of the control, with only 3.8% decrease. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and dry matter weight of the above basal application mode were higher than those of other treatments, which were 6.39 g/g and 7.82% higher than those of control, indicating that this fertilization mode was more suitable for the nutrient demand of sweet corn. In conclusion, straw chemical mixed granular fertilizer can partly replace chemical fertilizer. Due to the slow-release effect of straw chemical mixed fertilizer, its combined application with urea can meet the nutrient demand of‘Zhetian 19’in the whole growth period, and the effect of granular fertilizer is better than that of rod fertilizer. Therefore, 150 kg straw chemical mixed fertilizer and 20 kg urea used for basal application can replace the traditional fertilization mode, and reduce the chemical fertilizer application amount and times. At the same time, this mode can cut the manpower input and raise the production efficiency.
作者
侯俊峰
陈斌
包斐
谭禾平
韩海亮
王桂跃
赵福成
HOU Junfeng;CHEN Bin;BAO Fei;TAN Heping;HAN Hailiang;WANG Guiyue;ZHAO Fucheng(Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dongyang,Zhejiang 322100)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2022年第23期6-14,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划“设施早熟水果玉米健康种苗生产与高效栽培技术”(2021XTTGLY03-02)
浙江省重点研发计划项目“基于作物健康的农产品提质增效关键技术研发与集成应用”(2020C02001)
浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项“玉米新品种选育”(2021C02064-4)。
关键词
秸混肥
甜玉米
叶绿素含量
叶面积
产量
氮肥利用效率
straw chemical mixed fertilizer
sweet corn
chlorophyll content
leaf area
yield
nitrogen recovery efficiency
