摘要
为实现中国北方马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens人工养殖和资源增殖,于2018—2021年在辽宁省辽阳县兴大养殖场开展了马口鱼的全人工繁殖试验,并观察了其胚胎和仔鱼发育。结果表明:马口鱼在池塘养殖条件下,雄鱼1~+龄性成熟,雌鱼2~+龄性成熟;在辽阳地区,池塘养殖马口鱼的繁殖期在5月10日—29日,采用注射混合催产药物(LHRH-A_(2)4~8μg/kg+DOM 4~8 mg/kg+HCG 1000~2000 IU/kg),人工干法授精,孵化篓+孵化桶接力孵化的方法,马口鱼的平均催产率、受精率和孵化率分别为73.8%、81.3%和78.8%;在水温18~20℃条件下,一次注射效应时间为25~27 h;马口鱼受精卵橙黄色,呈球形,属沉性卵,无黏性;整个胚胎发育过程历经胚盘形成期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个阶段24个时期,历时约62 h 6 min,总孵化积温1199.91℃·h,出膜后5~6 d可平游下塘;仔鱼1日龄全长(5.13±0.63)mm,至10日龄进入混合营养期,12日龄时卵黄囊消失,进入外源营养期,马口鱼仔鱼生长为异速生长;2018年催产获F1代水花1.4万尾,2020—2021年连续两年催产共获F2代水花212万尾。研究表明,通过生理和生态调控,在北方地区可实现马口鱼的全人工繁殖。
In order to realize the whole process of artificial propagation and culture of wild Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens,the fish was induced to spawn by hormone injection,the fertilized eggs were incubated and fry and juveniles were reared in a pond at Xingda Farm in Liaoyang County,Liaoning Province from 2018 to 2021.Meanwhile embryonic and larval development was observed under a microscope.It was found that male fish were maturity at 1year old,and the female at 2years old in a pond culture.The pond-cultured Chinese hook snout carp spawned from May 10 th to May 29 th in Liaoyang area,and had average success rate of 73.8%,fertilization rate of 81.3%and hatching rate of 78.8%by injection of mixed drugs(LHRH-A_(2)4-8μg/kg+DOM 4-8 mg/kg+HCG 1000-2000 IU/kg),artificial dry insemination,combined hatching basket and hatching bucket incubation method.The fertilized eggs of Chinese hook snout carp are orange-yellow in color without adhesion,and the spawners had effect time of 25 to 27 h after hormone injection at water temperature from 18 to 20℃(one injection).The embryonic development was divided into 7 stages including blastoderm,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neuroblastoma,organogenesis,and hatching and 24 sub-stages,lasting about 62 h 6 min,with total incubation accumulative temperature of 1199.91℃·h.The larvae swam horizontally over 5 to 6 days post hatching,and the 1-day-old Chinese hook snout carp larvae had total length of(5.13±0.63)mm.The larvae became the mixed nutrition period at the 10-day-old age,and the 12-day-old postlarvae had exhaustion of the yolk sac,and allometric growth.Total 14000 F1 fry were obtained in the ponds in 2018,and 2120000 F2 fry were reared for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2021.The findings realized the whole procedure of artificial propagation of Chinese hook snout carp for the first time.
作者
骆小年
段友健
张晓静
阿丽达·夏木西丁
李姣
吴晨
李文康
季辰跃
常建太
LUO Xiaonian;DUAN Youjian;ZHANG Xiaojing;ALIDA·Xiamuxiding;LI Jiao;WU Chen;LI Wenkang;JI Chenyue;CHANG Jiantai(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Fish Applied Biology and Aquaculture in North China,Liaoning Province,Dalian 116023,China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期550-557,共8页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
辽宁省教育厅高等学校“揭榜挂帅”项目“北方淡水名优土著鱼类(马口鱼和北方须鳅)开发关键技术研究”
辽宁省首批“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目“高效稻渔模式创建与提质增效关键技术研究”
农业财政专项“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”
辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目(793018201)
辽宁省高等学校海洋产业技术研究院专项(DL201903)
大连市科技创新基金项目(2018J12SN068)。
关键词
马口鱼
人工繁殖
胚胎发育
仔鱼发育
Opsariichthys bidens
artificial propagation
embryonic development
larval development
