摘要
为研究古代人造料珠的成分和风化状况,对马家塬M21墓地内出土的一件料珠进行超景深显微观察,扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM-EDS)与拉曼光谱分析(Raman),观察了样品表面形态、获得了样品元素组成和物相组成。结果揭示料珠主要组成成分为混合BaSO_(4),PbCO_(3),Pb_(5)Si_(4)O_(8)(OH)_(10)和Cu_(2)Pb_(5)(SO_(4))_(3)(CO_(3))(OH)_(6)等杂质的中国蓝,呈现为浅蓝色颗粒,由固相烧结法制作,外部黄色结壳成分为Pb_(8)O_(5)(OH)_(2)Cl_(4)。研究阐述了中国蓝工艺的发展及风化生成碱性铅化合物的原因,该料珠的元素分析显示Si含量最高,Cu和Ba的含量大略相等,而Pb的含量较低,可能代表当时硅酸铜钡料珠烧制已经开始有意控制原料的比例;碱性铅化合物应是在埋藏过程中形成的,高温烧结制备料珠时产生的氧化物未反应完全,随后被埋入地下,与碱性土壤水水合形成碱性铅化合物。该研究为古代费昂斯制品和硅酸铜钡类制品的研究提供参考,对中国古代科技史研究具有重要意义。
In order to study the composition and weathering of the ancient artificial silicate bead,the super depth of field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum(SEM-EDS)and micro-Raman were carried out on a silicate bead unearthed from the M21 graveyard in Ma-Jia-Yuan to obtaining its apparent appearance,elemental composition and phase composition.The results revealed that its main component is Chinese Blue which mixed impurities like BaSO_(4),PbCO_(3),Pb_(5)Si_(4)O_(8)(OH)_(10) and Cu_(2)Pb_(5)(SO_(4))_(3)(CO_(3))(OH)_(6).So the silicate bead appears as light blue particles.It’s produced by solid-phase sintering,and the weathering layer is composed of Pb_(8)O_(5)(OH)_(2)Cl_(4).The article expounds on the technological development of Chinese Blue and the cause of the formation of alkaline lead compounds by weathering.The element analysis of the silicate bead shows that the content of Si is the highest,the content of Cu and Ba is roughly the same,and the content of Pb is lower,which may indicate that the firing of the copper barium silicate bead has begun to control the proportion of raw materials deliberately.Alkaline lead compounds should be formed in the process of burial.The oxides produced in the process of firing silicate beads at high temperatures did not react completely,and then they were buried underground and hydrated with alkaline soil water to form alkaline lead compounds.This article provides references for the research of ancient Faience products and copper barium silicate products and promotes the in-depth study of the history of science and technology in ancient China.
作者
王若苏
孙凤
先怡衡
WANG Ruo-su;SUN Feng;XIAN Yi-heng(School of Cultural Heritage(Northwest University),Xi’an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Xi’an 710127,China)
出处
《光谱学与光谱分析》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期3193-3197,共5页
Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22101226)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJCZH154)
西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室开放课题(wysys201902)资助。
关键词
甘肃马家塬战国墓地
料珠
中国蓝
铅钡玻璃
科学分析
The Warring States Cemetery in Ma-Jia-Yuan
Gansu
Silicate bead
Chinese blue
Lead barium glass
Scientific analysis
