摘要
为探究黄柏河大型底栖动物的时空分布状况及其与环境因子间的关系,分别于2021年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对黄柏河干支流13个点位进行底栖动物与环境因子调查。结果显示:共检出大型底栖动物44种,分属于3门6纲14目38科,以节肢动物(65.91%)和软体动物(29.55%)为主。各季节优势种变化明显,冬季以软体动物和甲壳纲为主,春季昆虫纲开始出现,夏季昆虫纲占比进一步增大,秋季优势种种群演化明显,冬春夏秋优势种更替率分别为56.25%,65.71%,68.42%和61.11%,四季共有优势种为秀丽白虾、铜锈环棱螺和闪蚬。空间分布上,下游物种数目较少,但密度及生物量较高且以软体动物为主;上游物种数目增多,密度及生物量却逐渐降低,水生昆虫比例越往上游越高。季节分布上,物种数目变化趋势为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季,而总密度及总生物量变化趋势相同,都为秋季>春季>夏季>冬季。多样性分析显示,物种多样性指数(H′)范围为0.91~1.17,丰富度指数(d_(m))为0.96~1.45,均匀度指数(J′)为0.57~0.66,物种多样性空间分布差异明显,季节差异不明显。多元排序表明,不同季节对底栖动物群落影响显著的环境因子有很大不同,冬季为总磷与河床粒径;春季为海拔高程;夏季为化学需氧量、海拔高程和电导率;秋季为pH、浊度和总氮;造成底栖动物季节性差异的环境因子主要有海拔高程、pH、浊度、电导率和水温。空间分布上,主要影响因素为海拔高程、营养盐水平、水温和河床粒径。相关性heatmap分析也表明,不同的底栖动物对环境因子响应差别较大。
A total of 13 sites were set up in the Huangbai River basin and surveys of macrozoobenthos and environmental factors were conducted in January(winter),April(spring),July(summer)and October(autumn)in 2021 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of macrozoobenthos in the Huangbai River basin and its relationship with environmental factors.A total of 44 species of macrozoobenthos were detected,belonging to three phyla,six orders,14 families and 38 families,in which arthropods(65.91%)and mollusks(29.55%)were mainly detected.The dominant species changed significantly each season,with mollusks and crustaceans dominating in winter,insects in spring,insects in summer,and the dominant species group evolving significantly in autumn.The dominant species in winter,spring,summer and autumn were 56.25%,65.71%,68.42%and 61.11%,respectively.In terms of spatial distribution,the number of species in downstream was small and dominated by mollusks,but the density and biomass were high.The number of species in upstream increased,and the proportion of aquatic insects was higher in upstream.However,the density and biomass gradually decreased.In terms of seasonal distribution,the trends of species number were spring>autumn>summer>winter,while the movements of total density and total biomass were the same,both being autumn>spring>summer>winter.The diversity analysis showed that the species diversity index(H′)ranged from 0.91 to 1.17,the richness index(d_(m))ranged from 0.96 to 1.45,and the evenness index(J′)ranged from 0.57 to 0.66.The spatial distribution difference of species diversity is noticeable,and the seasonal difference is not apparent.Multivariate ranking analysis showed that the environmental factors had a significant impact on the macrozoobenthos,which were different in each season,including total phosphorus and riverbed particle size in winter,elevation in spring,potassium permanganate index and elevation in summer and electrical conductivityand pH,turbidity and total nitrogen in autumn.The environmental factors that cause seasonal differences in benthic animals mainly include altitude,pH,turbidity,electrical conductivity and temperature.Correlation heatmap analysis also showed that different benthic animals responded differently to environmental factors.
作者
张坤
崔玉洁
陈圣盛
熊伟唯
张续同
刘子健
ZHANG Kun;CUI Yu-jie;CHEN Sheng-sheng;XIONG Wei-wei;ZHANG Xu-tong;LIU Zi-jian(Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期3-16,共14页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金(52009066)。
关键词
大型底栖动物
时空分布
环境因子
群落结构
生物多样性
macrozoobenthos
spatial and temporal distribution
environmental factors
community structure
biodiversity
