损害类型化视角下生态环境损害救济的公私法协作被引量：1

The Cooperation of Public and Private Laws in the Relief of Ecological Environment Damage from the Perspective of Damage Types

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摘要生态环境损害救济的公私法规范在损害认定和损害责任适用两方面未能实现有序、高效的协作。其原因在于缺少对生态环境损害的类型化分析,忽视了不同类型损害在规制的经济学原理及法律制度需求上的重要区别。通过梳理生态环境损害救济的司法实践经验和污染控制的环境经济学解释,可以发现生态环境损害无法通过市场实现有效控制的原因在于其高昂的交易成本。而不同类型的生态环境损害,降低交易成本所需的经济学方法和法律制度供给并不相同。局地型生态环境损害可以通过明确和激励求偿权利人的私法路径得到有效救济,而行政命令救济制度仅能在相关法律规范明确规定的有限范围内,为局地型生态环境损害提供更及时、迅速的救济。因而局地型生态环境损害的救济需要并存、互补、协调的公私法协作模式。区域型生态环境损害救济的主要方法是命令控制型管制和经济激励方法,因而区域型生态环境损害的救济只应以公法规范为主导。 The public and private laws of eco-environmental damage relief fail to achieve orderly and efficient cooperation in the identification of damage and the application of damage liability.The reason lies in the lack of typed analysis of eco-environmental damage, ignoring the important differences between different types of damage in the economic principles of regulation and the needs of legal system.By combing the judicial practice experience of eco-environmental damage relief and the environmental economic explanation of pollution control, we can find that the reason why eco-environmental damage cannot be effectively controlled through the market lies in its high transaction cost.For different types of eco-environmental damage, the supply of economic methods and legal systems needed to reduce transaction costs are not the same.The local eco-environmental damage can be effectively remedied by defining and encouraging the private law path of the claimant.The administrative order relief system can only provide more timely and rapid relief for local ecological environment damage within the limited scope clearly stipulated by relevant laws and regulations, so the relief of local eco-environmental damage needs the cooperation mode of public and private law which is coexisting, complementary and coordinated.The main methods of regional eco-environmental damage relief are command-controlled regulation and economic incentive methods, so the relief of regional eco-environmental damage should only be dominated by public law norms.

作者徐以祥刘继琛 XU Yixiang;LIU Jichen(School of Economic Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Lar,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区西南政法大学经济法学院

出处《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》 CSSCI 2022年第4期41-52,共12页 Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基金重庆市第五批高校优秀人才支持计划项目(201735) 重庆市社会科学规划项目(2021TBWT ZD53)。

关键词生态环境损害交易成本类型化公私法协作 eco-environmental damage transaction cost typing cooperation between public and private laws

分类号 D912.6 [政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]