摘要
引言仰鼻猴类(Rhino pithecus sp。)以大群生活在中国西南部高山森林里,吃花蕾、叶子或竹笋等(Elliot,1913;Allen,1938;Napier,1967)。近年有报道提出仰鼻猴营树栖生活(李致祥等,1981;谢家骅等,1982;史东仇等,1982)。对笼养金丝猴(R.roxellanae)的研究则指出仰鼻猴具有倾向于地栖的肢比指数、性二型和行为,且与地栖的狒狒(Papio)和猕猴(Macaca)等存在趋同现象(Davison,1982)。
The field work was conducted on the east slope of Baima-snow Mountain,norhwestern Yunnan province(Fig 1.),May-July,1986.The habitat in which Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)lives is high mountain and deep-valleys.The vegetational type is mountain forest and mountain meadows.In this season,the core area of this large group is about 13 sq.km.(Fig 4).The group usually selects lowlyiug niches between small ridges for its sleeping-foraging sites.Adult’s build of R.bieti is very large and weighty,and the are rarely jumping between crowns.The mediums-sized individuals are somtimes leaping between crowns.In ranging from one sleeping-foraging site to another,the group organizese itself into a single long line formation and all individuals walk with their four limbs along ground(usually uncovered rocky ridges,or hillsides under sparse trees)slowly,when the number of individuals in the group had been counted exactly(Fig 2.).By this way the auther noted down that the size of this group was 188 individuals.The auther had seen that the group was on the ground accounting for 69.90%of day time;and the auther belive that R.bieti is always living on the ground by days according as it has the habit relating to its terrestrial and semiterrestrial behavior as indicated above,and as a large build,a large group,a large home range,and mainly the way of sight conveying for communication,as follows:1.The limbs proportions of Rhino pithecus are suited to ground walking and living(Davison,1982).The weight of Rhino pithecus may be the most in monkeys(Peng Yanzhang,et al.,1985).The species of R.bieti is larger than Rhino pithecus roxellanae(Allen,1938).The adult of R.bieti observed by the auther walks on the ground twist at buttocks and waist,walking and sitting.Jumping through crown,occasionlly,the adult crashed down the ground.2.The larger the group size and the home range:size are,the more terrestrial of a species of primate is(DeVore,1963).R.bieti must has an inclination for ground because it has a larger group(188 individuals),and a larger home range(a core area of about 13 sq.km.)than the arboreal spccics of primates,c.g.Aloutta,Colobus sp.,and Hylobates sp..3.Loud vocalization and vocal expression as a spacing mechanism is very important in arboreal species of primate,but virtually absent in terrestrial species(DeVore,1963).The individuals of R.bieti in this group adapt the uncovered rocky ridges where can be found all over the forests,and they always make themselyes use the way of sight conveying for communication,although they usually live in forests.If they stay at a certain sleepin-foraging site in a low-lying niche during days,their murmurs can be only heard within a short distance such as 40-80 m or more,not having the mean of spacing as any arboreal species of primate.
作者
吴宝琦
钟态
巫吉
Wu Bao-qi;Zhong Tai;Wu Ji(Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica;Baima-snow Monntain Conservancy of Deqin County)
基金
中国科学院基金。
