摘要
连作障碍是药用植物栽培过程中的瓶颈,严重影响药材的品质与产量。对于连作障碍的形成机制从20世纪70年代的土壤理化性质和化感作用逐渐深入到目前的根际微环境变化及植物响应机制研究。该文结合领域内研究及作者所在团队的相关工作与思考,系统分析了连作条件下药用植物根际分泌物介导土壤微生物群落重构的机制,即根际分泌物通过提供微生物生长所摄取的碳源和能量,作为诱导剂或驱避剂等信号物质刺激、诱导微生物生长或转移,改变根际土壤酸度等理化性质影响根际微生物群落重塑;全面探讨了根际分泌物与土壤微生物协同致害连作药用植物的方式和途径,即根际分泌物介导病原微生物侵染根际并增加下茬植物的易感性、抑制宿主植物防御并保障病原菌抢占优势生态位,二者协同互作导致根际病原菌释放更多真菌毒素等致病因子、根际化感物质的毒性增强及土壤理化性质劣变;总结了根际分泌物与土壤微生物的互作在连作障碍形成过程中的重要作用,以期为揭示药用植物连作障碍的形成机制提供新的研究思路,为连作障碍的克服与消减提供理论支撑。
Continuous cropping obstacle is the bottleneck of medicinal plant cultivation,which seriously affects the quality and yield of medicinal materials.The research on the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle has evolved from soil physical and chemical properties and allelopathy in the 1970s to the changes of rhizosphere microenvironment and plant response mechanism at present.According to the available studies in this field and our previous research work,we systematically analyzed the mechanism of rhizosphere exudatemediated microbial community reconstruction in the soil of the medicinal plants in continuous cropping.Specifically,rhizosphere exudates,providing the carbon source and energy for microbial growth,act as inducers or repellents to induce microbial growth or transfer,thereby changing the physicochemical properties(such as acidity)of rhizosphere soil and further altering the structure of rhizosphere microbial community.Further,we comprehensively discussed the ways of synergism between rhizosphere exudates and soil microorganisms in causing harm to the medicinal plants in continuous cropping.That is,rhizosphere exudates mediate the infection of the rhizosphere by pathogenic microorganisms,increase the susceptibility of the nearby plants,inhibit the defense of the host plants,and protect the pathogens to occupy the dominant niche.The synergistic interaction results in the release of more pathogenic factors such as mycotoxins by rhizosphere pathogens,enhanced toxicity of rhizosphere allelochemicals,and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties.This paper summarizes the role of interaction between rhizosphere exudates and soil microorganisms in the formation of continuous cropping obstacles,aiming to provide a new research idea for revealing the formation mechanism as well as the theoretical support for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants.
作者
鞠吉东
付心雨
焦焕然
孟缘
卢恒
王晓
郭兰萍
刘伟
JU Jidong;FU Xinyu;JIAO Huanran;MENG Yuan;LU Heng;WANG Xiao;GUO Lanping;LIU Wei(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China;Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)/Shandong Analysis and Test Center,Jinan 250014,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing100700,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第20期92-99,共8页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173917)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)
“一带一路”国家传统草药品种本底整理及数据库建设项目(2018FY100702)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)科教产融合创新试点工程项目(2022PX093)。
关键词
连作障碍
根际分泌物
根际微生物
群落重构
协同致害
药用植物
continuous cropping obstacle
root exudates
rhizosphere microorganism
community reconstruction
synergistic harm
medicinal plants
