摘要
【目的】研究干旱胁迫下甘蔗的光合及生理作用对提高甘蔗品质与产量具有重要理论意义。【方法】以第十四轮全国区试品种中3个品种云蔗11-1074、云瑞12-263、粤甘52号和新台糖22号(ROC22)为供试材料,研究干旱胁迫及复水条件下甘蔗形态特征、光合作用以及生理反应的变化规律。采用盆栽试验,通过人工称重控制土壤含水量,在甘蔗伸长期设定干旱3 d、干旱6 d、干旱10 d和复水10 d 4个处理,测定甘蔗光合指标和生理指标,并通过隶属函数法对4个品种的抗旱性进行评价。【结果】经干旱10 d后,各参试品种绿叶率、叶片含水率显著降低。光合指标中净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率下降,叶绿素荧光参数F/F和F/F降低,叶绿素含量显著降低,胞间CO浓度上升。4个品种中粤甘52号光合指标受影响最大。干旱胁迫10 d时4个甘蔗品种的抗氧化酶活性整体增加,CAT和GR活性变化更加明显,可溶性糖含量有所提升,可溶性蛋白含量先增加后减少,MDA含量逐渐升高。云瑞12-263的SOD和CAT活性较高;ROC22有着较高的GR活性;云蔗11-1074的MDA含量显著高于其它3个品种,云瑞12-263含量最低。复水后,4个品种受干旱胁迫的影响得到一定缓解,粤甘52号光合能力恢复性较强但其它方面则未有好的表现。在生长能力方面,ROC22和云瑞12-263受干旱胁迫影响小,云蔗11-1074和粤甘52号受影响较大。结合平均隶属函数值对甘蔗抗旱性进行排序为:云瑞12-263>ROC22>云蔗11-1074>粤甘52号。【结论】干旱胁迫条件对4个甘蔗品种的形态变化、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性均产生影响,参试品种中云瑞12-263的各项光合指标均高于其它3个品种,可以对此品种进行进一步研究挖掘抗旱基因用于育种。
【Objective】 The experiment aimed to study the effects of drought stress on photosynthetic and physiological activities of sugarcaneis important for improving the quality and yield of sugarcane. 【Method】 In this study, three varieties Yunzhe 11-1074, Yunrui 12-263, Yuegan 52 from the fourteenth round of national regional trialsand a control variety Xintaitang 22(ROC22) were used as test materials.The effects of drought stress and rewatering on its morphological characteristics, photosynthesis and physiological responses were studied. Pot experiment was established.Soil moisture content was evaluatedby manual weighing. Four treatments including underdrought for 3 days, drought for 6 days, drought for 10 days and rewatering for 10 days during the elongation period were set.The photosynthetic and physiological indexes of sugarcane were measured, and the drought resistance of the four varieties was evaluated by membership function method.【Result】After 10 days of drought, the green leaf ratio and leaf moisture content of the tested varieties decreased significantly. Photosynthetic indicators P, G, and Tdecreased, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F/Fand F/Fdecreased, chlorophyll content decreased significantly, but the Cincreased.Among the four varieties, the photosynthesis of Yuegan 52 was the most affected.Under drought stress for 10 days, the activities of antioxidant enzymes of the four sugarcane varieties increased overall. The changes of catalase(CAT) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities were more detectable, that the content of soluble sugar increased, the content of soluble protein increased first and then decreased, and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) increased gradually.The superoxide dismutase(SOD) and CAT activities of Yunrui 12-263 were higher;ROC22 had higher GR activity;The MDA content of Yunzhe 11-1074 was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties, and the content of Yunrui 12-263 was the lowest.After rewatering, the effects of drought stress on the four varieties were relieved to a certain extent, and the photosynthetic capacity of Yuegan 52 was relatively recoverable, but other parameters did not recover.In terms of growth ability, ROC22 and Yunrui 12-263 were less affected by drought stress, while Yunzhe 11-1074 and Yuegan 52 were more affected. Combined with the average membership function value, the drought resistance of sugarcane was ranked as follows: Yunrui 12-263>ROC22> Yunzhe 11-1074>Yuegan 52.【Conclusion】Drought stress affected the morphological changes, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of the four sugarcane varieties. The photosynthetic indexes of Yunrui 12-263 in the tested varieties were higher than those of the other three varieties. So, this variety can be further studied to broaden drought-resistant genes for breeding.
作者
刘硕
樊仙
全怡吉
杨绍林
李如丹
邓军
张跃彬
LIU Shuo;FAN Xian;QUAN Yi-ji;YANG Shao-lin;LI Ru-dan;DENG Jun;ZHANG Yue-bin(Institute of Resource Plants,Yunnan University,Kunming 650000,China;Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661699,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1776-1785,共10页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000600)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-170205)。
关键词
甘蔗
干旱胁迫
光合作用
抗氧化酶活性
渗透调节
Sugarcane
Drought stress
Photosynthesis
Antioxidant enzyme activity
Osmotic regulation
