摘要
作为核心战略金属资源,锂矿勘查与研究已成为当今矿产勘查和地学研究的热点。全球锂资源主要分布在南美洲“锂三角”地区(玻利维亚、智利和阿根廷)、美国、澳大利亚和中国。我国锂矿资源较为丰富,主要集中在新疆、青海、西藏、四川、江西和云南6省(区),可划分为16个锂成矿带。锂矿类型包括卤水型、硬岩型和黏土型三种。卤水型锂矿又可分盐湖型和地下卤水型,其中盐湖型锂矿主要集中分布在青海和西藏,储量巨大;地下卤水型锂矿主要分布于四川盆地及潜江凹陷,数量较少。硬岩型锂矿又可分为伟晶岩型、花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型,其中伟晶岩型锂矿主要发育在阿尔泰、阿尔金、西昆仑、川西、喜马拉雅、东秦岭和南岭等区域,成矿时代主要集中在燕山期、印支期和加里东期;花岗岩型锂矿主要发育在武夷、南岭、江南和兴蒙等造山带,成矿时代主要集中在燕山期;隐爆角砾岩型锂矿发育在大兴安岭。黏土型锂矿在滇中、贵州、广西成矿潜力巨大。伟晶岩型锂矿的含锂矿物以锂辉石为主,矿石的锂品位较高,开采比较容易,是我国锂供给的重要来源。除扎布耶、结则茶卡等少数碳酸盐型盐湖锂矿外,我国多数盐湖锂矿Mg/Li值高,卤水提锂技术相对复杂,成本较高。黏土型锂矿在我国还不具备开采条件,提取尚处在小试阶段,但一旦实现提取技术突破,将具有重要的应用前景。
As the critical minerals of strategic metals, lithium mineral resource has become a focus in mineral exploration and geoscience research. Global lithium resources are mainly distributed in the “lithium triangle” region of South America(Bolivia, Chile and Argentina), the United States, Australia, and China. China has abundant reserve of lithium resources,mainly concentrated in six provinces(regions) including Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Yunnan, which can be divided into 16 lithium metallogenic belts. The main types of lithium deposits can be divided into the brine, hard rock, and clay types. Brine-type lithium mines can further be divided into salt lake-type and underground brine-type sub-types. Salt lake-type lithium mines are mainly distributed in Qinghai and Tibet with huge reserves. In contrast, underground brine-type lithium mines are distributed primarily in the Sichuan Basin and the Qianjiang Depression, much fewer in numbers than those of the salt lake type. The hard rock lithium deposits in China can further be divided into pegmatite-type and granite-type sub-types. Pegmatite-type lithium deposits are developed primarily in the Altai, Altyn Tagh, West Kunlun, West Sichuan,Himalayan, East Qinling, and Nanling regions. The metallogenic epochs span from Yanshan, Indosinian to Caledonian.Granite-type lithium deposits are mainly developed in the Wuyi, Nanling, Jiangnan, and Xingmeng orogenic belts, and the metallogenic epoch is primarily the Yanshan period. Clay-type lithium deposits have great metallogenic potential in the central Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi. The major Li-bearing mineral of pegmatite-type deposits is spodumene with a high grade of Li, easy to be mined. Most salt lake-type lithium deposits are high Mg/Li ratio in China, except for a few carbonate-type salt lake lithium deposits such as the Zabuye and the Jiezechaka. The techniques of lithium extraction from brine mines are complicated and of high costs. Clay-type lithium deposits cannot yet be mined in China because industrial extraction technique is still unavailable. Even so, once a breakthrough in the extraction techniques of this lithium type is made,the clay-type lithium deposits would be significant prospect for utilizability.
作者
王核
黄亮
白洪阳
王堃宇
王振宏
高昊
周金胜
秦艳
王焰
WANG He;HUANG Liang;BAI Hongyang;WANG Kunyu;WANG Zhenhong;GAO Hao;ZHOU Jinsheng;QIN Yan;WANG Yan(CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)
出处
《大地构造与成矿学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期848-866,共19页
Geotectonica et Metallogenia
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技重大专项
重点研发任务专项(2019B00011、2020A03005)
国家自然科学基金项目(91962215、41972088)
广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060055)联合资助。
关键词
锂矿床
盐湖型
伟晶岩型
矿床分布
提取技术
lithium deposit
salt lake type
pegmatite type
distribution of ore deposits
extraction techniques
