摘要
弄清新型职业农民的属性,有利于推动新型职业农民的职业认定、培育对象遴选、政策制定等工作开展,也有利于把握新型职业农民的构成及来源。实践来看,新型职业农民是与传统农民、兼业农民、农业工人有本质区别的。相对传统农民,新型职业农民所强调的“新型”是指其拥有全新的能力和生产方式;相对兼业农民、农业工人,新型职业农民则是把经营现代农业当作唯一工作,将农业作为产业对待而进行长期投入等显著特征。因而,衡量新型职业农民的标准,一是新型职业农民的收入应主要来源于农业经营收入,具有等于或高于其他职业的社会平均收入、就业相对稳定、能长期保持从事农业生产经营活动等特点;二是新型职业农民对土地负责,不会粗放经营、撂荒或过度使用土地,能对土地持续利用、对农产品进行绿色生产、对消费者负责,有独立的市场主体意识,能满足市场需求。同时,新型职业农民还应具备全职务农、保持较高的比较收益、职业地位受社会尊重、具备现代从业素养,以及“产业农民”和“专业农民”等专属特点。基于这些特点,新型职业农民的构成和来源主要有乡村守望人员、新生代农民、主动回流农民工、涉农专业大学生、城市人力资本下乡人员。
Clarifying the attributes of new professional farmers is conducive to promoting the identification of new professional farmers,selection of training objects,policy formulation and other work,and is also conducive to grasping the composition and sources of new professional farmers.From a practical point of view,the new type of professional farmers are fundamentally different from traditional farmers,part-time farmers and agricultural workers.Compared with traditional farmers,the“new type”emphasized by new professional farmers means that they have completely new capabilities and production methods;compared with part-time farmers and agricultural workers,new professional farmers regard modern agriculture as their only job and agriculture as an industry.Significant features such as long-term investment and long-term investment.Therefore,the criteria for measuring new professional farmers are:First,the income of new professional farmers should mainly come from agricultural business income,with the characteristics of social average income equal to or higher than other occupations,relatively stable employment,and the ability to maintain long-term agricultural production and operation activities.Second,the new type of professional farmers are responsible for the land,not extensive management,abandonment or excessive use of land,sustainable use of land,green production of agricultural products,responsible for consumers,independent market subject consciousness,and able to meet market demand.At the same time,new professional farmers should also have full-time farmers,maintain relatively high comparative income,have professional status respected by the society,possess modern professional qualities,and have the exclusive characteristics of"industrial farmers"and"professional farmers".Based on these characteristics,the composition and sources of new professional farmers mainly include rural watchmen,new-generation farmers,active returning migrant workers,college students majoring in agriculture,and urban human capital sent to the countryside.
作者
吴忠权
沈心一
WU Zhongquan;SHEN Xinyi
出处
《决策与信息》
2022年第10期64-71,共8页
Decision & Information
基金
贵州省教育厅2020年度高校人文社科规划项目“贵州新兴产业发展路径依赖与政策机制研究”(编号:2020GH008)成果。
关键词
新型职业农民
现代农业
产业农民
乡村振兴
“三农”问题
new professional farmers
modern agriculture
industrial farmers
rural vitalization
"Three rural"issues
