摘要
针对中国在国有企业海外投资过程中向东道国投资企业提供跨境补贴的问题,美欧强力推进“补贴+国有企业”“补贴+竞争规则”的立法尝试以图加强制约。此类“补贴+”路径具有鲜明的国别针对性和强烈的实用主义色彩,利益维护机制有失平衡。跨境补贴的规制,应秉承有限约束的原则,恪守贸易救济的路径。跨境补贴仅在属于禁止性补贴时才受约束,无须扩大规制对象。在基础补贴规则完善之前,避免将适用范围扩大至服务贸易和投资领域。救济程序则应在禁止性补贴的多边救济程序的基础上作出适度调整,扩大磋商当事方,启用常设专家小组强制征求意见程序,并增强救济措施的灵活性。中国也应推动国有企业改革、避免规则竞合、完善产业政策,降低美欧对中国国有企业海外发展的限制和约束。
With respect to the issue of China providing cross-border subsidies to host countries’ investment enterprises in the overseas investments by Chinese state-owned enterprises,the United States and the European Union have carried out active explorations of the legislative modes of “subsidies + state-owned enterprises” and “subsidies + competition rules”,with the purpose of strengthening the regulation on cross-border subsidies.The “subsidies+” path has a strong country-specific and utilitarian color and lacks the necessary balance in interest protection.The principle of limited constraints and the trade remedy approach should be adhered to in regulating cross-border subsidies.Cross-border subsidies should be regulated only when they fall within the scope of prohibited subsidies,and the scope of regulation cannot be expanded to the fields of service trade and investment until the basic subsidy rules are ready.The remedy procedure should be adjusted on the basis of the current multilateral procedures,so as to expand parties in the consultation,establish the procedure of compulsory recourse to the permanent expert group,and enhance the flexibility of remedial measures.Finally,China should also try to reduce the restrictions and constraints imposed by the United States and the European Union on the overseas development of Chinese state-owned enterprises by promoting the reform of state-owned enterprises,avoiding rule competition,and improving industrial policies.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期207-224,共18页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
国家社科基金项目“美欧针对我国有企业加强国际造法带来的挑战及应对研究”(20BFX203)的阶段性成果。
关键词
国有企业
海外投资
跨境补贴
贸易救济
竞争中立
state-owned enterprises
overseas investment
cross-border subsidies
trade remedy
competitive neutrality
