摘要
煤层顶板水害是威胁煤矿安全生产的重大灾害之一,近年来陕北浅埋煤层矿井巷道掘进时顶板突水事故常有发生,其主要原因是侏罗系风化基岩含水层相对松软,富水性较强,在煤层上覆相对隔水层厚度较薄区域,巷道掘进时围岩扰动沟通了风化基岩含水层,或直接揭露风化基岩含水层而引发掘进面突水,甚至突水溃沙(泥)。因此巷道掘进顶板突水危险区的预测十分必要。以红柳林井田4^(-2)煤开采为例,选择风化基岩含水层厚度、风化程度、岩性组合、砂岩层数及古地形标高等5个主控因素,采用随机森林(RF)算法对风化基岩含水层富水性进行了分区预测,编制了富水性分区预测图。同时分析了巷道围岩岩性特征,并结合松动圈厚度实测数据构建了松动圈厚度的多元线性与指数函数回归预测数学模型,得到了围岩松动圈厚度预测结果,以巷道顶板正常基岩厚度与松动圈厚度的差值为主要指标进行了巷道掘进顶板安全性分区预测,编制了巷道掘进顶板安全性分区预测图。在此基础上,利用GIS软件将风化基岩含水层富水性分区预测结果与巷道掘进顶板安全性分区预测结果进行了空间叠加分析,得到了巷道掘进顶板突水危险性分区预测图。结果表明:4^(-2)煤层巷道掘进顶板突水危险区及较大危险区主要位于北一盘区4^(-2)煤层剥蚀边界附近,与实际突水位置基本一致。因此,该预测方法及结果可作为红柳林煤矿矿井防治水的重要依据,也可为其他地质条件类似矿井提供参考。
Coal seam roof water disaster is one of the major disasters that threaten safety production of coal mines.In recent years,roof water inrush accidents often occur during roadway excavation in shallow coal seams in Northern Shaanxi.The main reason is that the Jurassic weathered bedrock aquifer is relatively soft and water-rich.In the area where the thickness of the overlying aquifer is relatively thin,the surrounding rock disturbance connects the weathered bedrock aquifer during roadway excavation or directly expose the weathered bedrock aquifer to induce water inrush in the heading face,or even water inrush and sand inrush(mud).Therefore,it is very necessary to predict the dangerous area of water inrush from the roof of roadway excavation.In this paper,taking 4^(-2) coal mining in Hongliulin Mine field as an example,five main controlling factors,such as weathering bedrock aquifer thickness,weathering degree,lithological combination,number of sandstone layers and paleo-topographic elevation,were selected.Water richness of weathered bedrock aquifer was predicted by random forest(RF)algorithm,and the water-rich zoning prediction map was compiled.At the same time,the lithologic characteristics of roadway surrounding rock were analyzed,and the multivariate linear and exponential function regression prediction mathematical model of the thickness of the loose circle was constructed based on the measured data of the thickness of the loose circle,and the prediction result of the thickness of the loose circle of the surrounding rock was obtained.The difference between the thickness of the loose ring and the thickness of the loose ring was used as the main index to predict the safety partition of the roadway excavation roof,and the safety partition prediction map of the roadway excavation roof was compiled.On this basis,the water-rich zoning prediction results of weathered bedrock aquifer and the safety zoning prediction results of roadway driving roof were analyzed by using GIS software,and the zoning prediction map of water inrush risk of roadway driving roof was obtained.The results show that the dangerous area of water inrush from the roof of roadway in 4^(-2) coal seam and the larger dangerous area are mainly located near the denudation boundary of 4^(-2) coal seam in Beiyi area,which is basically consistent with the actual position of water inrush.Therefore,the prediction method and results can be used as an important basis for water prevention and control in Hongliulin Coal Mine,and can also provide a reference for other mines with similar geological conditions.
作者
侯恩科
严迎新
文强
车晓阳
苗彦平
李海宏
路波
HOU Enke;YAN Yingxin;WEN Qiang;CHE Xiaoyang;MIAO Yanping;LI Haihong;LU Bo(School of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation Xi’an710054,China;Xi’an Research Institute,China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp.,Ltd.,Xi′an710077,China;Shenmu Hongliulin Mining Co.,Ltd.,of Shaanxi Coal Group,Shenmu719316,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期110-120,共11页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41472234)
陕西省2020年中央引导地方科技创新专项资金计划资助项目(2020ZY-JC-03)
陕煤集团科研计划资助项目(2019SMHKJ-C-24)。
关键词
巷道掘进
顶板突水
风化基岩
富水性
松动圈
随机森林算法
突水危险性预测
roadway excavation
weathered bedrock
water-rich
loose circle
random forest algorithm
water inrush risk prediction
