摘要
槟榔是海南省重要的热带经济作物,受多种病害组成的槟榔病理性黄化的影响,尤其是槟榔黄化病,使槟榔产量造成严重损失。为明确当前海南省槟榔病理性黄化的发生分布情况及槟榔黄化病的危害情况,本研究对全省槟榔病理性黄化的发生分布进行调查,并对全省采集的槟榔黄化样品进行植原体检测分析。结果显示,当前海南省槟榔病理性黄化发生面积为38300.04hm^(2),占全省槟榔种植面积的33.27%,主要发生在海南东部、南部及中部市(县),三亚市发生率最高,为77.48%,万宁市发生面积最大,为9734.66 hm^(2),西部市(县)的病理性黄化发生率均低于10%;当前海南省槟榔黄化病发生面积为32 102.38 hm^(2),占全省槟榔种植面积的27.89%,全省各市(县)均有槟榔黄化病发生,主要在海南中部和东部地区的发病率较高,琼海市、定安县、文昌市、屯昌县及琼中县的植原体检出率分别高达100%、100%、100%、98%、95.38%,除临高县、白沙县及东方市外,其余市(县)检出率均高于50%,万宁市槟榔黄化病发生面积最大,为7909.41 hm^(2),其次为琼海市;每个市(县)槟榔植原体在各树体间的含量分布差异较大,定安县植原体的平均含量最高,为1443.36copies/μL,向周边市(县)递减,除了在海南东北部市(县)的槟榔植原体含量较高外,其他市(县)植原体含量较低。以上研究表明,当前海南槟榔病理性黄化发生严重,植原体是造成海南省槟榔病理性黄化的主要病原之一。
Areca is an important tropical economic crop in Hainan province. It is affected by the areca pathological yellowing from various diseases, which causes serious losses to the yield of areca. In order to clearify the current occurrence and distribution of areca pathological yellowing and yellow leaf disease(YLD) in Hainan province, we investigated the occurrence of areca pathological yellowing in the whole province, and detected phytoplasmas in the collected samples which showed yellow leaf symptoms. The results showed that the pathological yellowing area of areca in Hainan province was 38 300.04 hm^(2), accounting for 33.27% of the areca planting area in the province at present.Pathological yellowing mainly occured in cities and counties in the eastern, southern and central regions of Hainan, with the highest incidence rate in Sanya City, 77.48%, and the largest occurrence area in Wanning City, 9734.66 hm^(2), and the rate in the western regions was less than 10%. The occurrence area of YLD in Hainan province was 32 102.38 hm^(2),accounting for 27.89% of the areca planting area in the province at present. YLD occurred in all cities and counties in the province and the occurrence rate in the areas along the central and eastern parts of Hainan was at a high level. The detection rates of phytoplasma in Qionghai, Ding’an, Wenchang, Tunchang and Qiongzhong was as high as 100%, 100%,100%, 98% and 95.38% respectively. Except for Lingao, Baisha and Dongfang, the detection rates of other cities and counties were the same. More than 50%, Wanning YLD occurred the largest area, 7909.41 hm^(2), followed by Qionghai.The content distribution of areca phytoplasmas varied greatly among trees in each city and county. The average content of areca phytoplasma in Ding’an was the highest(1443.36 copies/μL), which decreased to the surrounding counties.Except for the cities and counties in the northeastern part of Hainan, where the content of phytoplasma was higher, the content of phytoplasma in other cities and counties was lower. This study indicates that the pathological yellowing of areca in Hainan is serious at present, and phytoplasma is one of the main pathogens of the pathological yellowing of areca in Hainan province.
作者
林兆威
唐庆华
孟秀利
宋薇薇
余凤玉
黄山春
牛晓庆
覃伟权
LIN Zhaowei;TANG Qinghua;MENG Xiuli;SONG Weiwei;YU Fengyu;HUANG Shanchun;NIU Xiaoqing;QIN Weiquan(Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Innovation Center of Academician Team,Wenchang,Hainan 571339,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期2106-2113,共8页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(No.1630152022007)
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN345)
院士创新平台科研专项(No.YSPTZX202138)。
关键词
槟榔
槟榔病理性黄化
槟榔黄化病
植原体
调查
areca
areca pathological yellowing
areca palm yellow leaf disease
phytoplasma
investigation
