摘要
锂是一种重要的战略金属资源,随着电子化工行业的飞速发展,锂的需求量逐步增加。由于原生资源稀少,锂云母是提取锂产品的主要来源之一,矿石提锂清洁高效综合利用资源是该领域研究的重点。在了解锂产品的用途、附着的矿床及其锂云母的组成及结构特点的基础上,重点讨论了从锂云母中提取锂及其有价金属综合回收的几种工艺方法及提取原理,并比较了各种工艺方法的优缺点。酸法工艺技术简单、成熟,成本相对较低,但其应用受到浸出液中杂质过多的限制;碱法能够降低能耗,但在反应机理,工艺优化,设备腐蚀,试剂回收和安全控制等方面还需要做更多的工作;盐法或高压蒸汽法会消耗大量能源,但可以降低杂质含量;从锂云母中除去铝和氟可以降低锂中的杂质。未来应着力于探索低成本、高效、环保的回收工艺,从而实现锂云母中锂及有价金属的高效回收利用。
Lithium is an important strategic metal resource.With the rapid development of the electronic chemical industry,the demand for lithium is gradually increasing.Due to the scarcity of primary resources,lepidolite is one of the main sources of lithium extraction products.The clean,efficient and comprehensive utilization of lithium extraction from ore is the focus of research in this field.Based on the understanding of the use of lithium products,the attached deposits and the composition and structural characteristics of their lepidolite,several methods and extraction principles for the comprehensive recovery of lithium and its valuable metals from lepidolite are discussed and compared.The advantages and disadvantages of various process methods are discussed.The acid process technology is simple and mature,and the cost is relatively low,but its application is limited by excessive impurities in the leaching solution;the alkaline process can reduce energy consumption,but in terms of reaction mechanism,process optimization,equipment corrosion,reagent recovery and safety control,etc.More work needs to be done;the salt method or high-pressure steam method consumes a lot of energy,but can reduce the impurity content;removing aluminum and fluorine from the lepidolite can reduce the impurities in lithium.In the future,efforts should be made to explore lowcost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly recycling processes to achieve efficient recycling of lithium and valuable metals in lepidolite.
作者
何飞
高利坤
饶兵
沈海榕
彭科波
高广言
张明
He Fei;Gao Likun;Rao Bing;Shen Hairong;Peng Kebo;Gao Guangyan;Zhang Ming(School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan,China)
出处
《矿产综合利用》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第5期83-90,共8页
Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(51764023)。
关键词
锂云母
焙烧
浸出
综合利用
除杂
Lepidolite
Roasting
Leaching
Comprehensive utilization
Clean up
