摘要
玉米鞘腐病是玉米生产上的一种重要鞘部病害。为筛选有效防治药剂种类以及合理预防病害发生,在田间自然发病条件下调查了玉米鞘腐病病情在植株功能生态位叶上的分布情况,研究了11种杀菌剂对该病害的田间防治效果及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:田间自然发病条件下,玉米鞘腐病以玉米植株穗上第1叶至穗下第2叶的叶鞘发病较重。25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油、17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂、12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂、430 g·L^(-1)戊唑醇乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、400 g·L^(-1)氟硅唑乳油、50%氟啶胺可湿性粉剂、40%唑醚·戊唑醇悬浮剂、50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂对该病害的田间防效分别达78.59%、71.901%、70.59%、62.03%、60.96%、59.09%、58.82%、51.60%和41.62%。与空白对照相比,各处理的玉米产量增产率分别为13.83%、20.61%、17.93%、4.87%、17.67%、16.62%、35.98%、20.49%和19.85%。12.5%氟环唑乳油和400 g·L^(-1)氟硅唑乳油增施80%乙蒜素乳油对病害防治无明显的增效作用,但对提升玉米产量具有一定的效果。综上,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油、17%唑醚·氟环唑悬浮剂、12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂能有效控制田间玉米鞘腐病的发生,不同程度上能挽回玉米产量损失,可作为防治该病的参考药剂。
The maize sheath rot is an important sheath disease in the production of maize.In order to screen the effective pesticide types and reasonably prevent the disease occurrence,the distribution of the maize sheath rot disease on the functional niche leaves of plant was investigated under the condition of natural infection in the field.Then,the effects of 11 kinds of fungicides on the control of maize sheath rot disease in the field and their effects on the yield of maize were studied.The results showed that under the condition of natural infection in the field,the maize sheath rot was more serious affected from the first leaf above ear to the second leaf below ear of maize plants.The field control efficiency of 25%pyraclostrobin EC,17%azoalkyl ether·epoxiceonazole SC,12.5%epoxiconazole SC,430 g·L^(-1)tebuconazole EC,10%difenoconazole WP,400 g·L^(-1)flusilaxole EC,50%fluazinam WP,40%azoalkyl ether·tebuconazole SC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP to this disease was 78.59%,71.901%,70.59%,62.03%,60.96%,59.09%,58.82%,51.60%and 41.6,respectively.Compared with that of the blank control,the increasing rates of maize yield under different treatments were 13.83%,20.61%,17.93%,4.87%,17.67%,16.62%,35.98%,20.49%and 19.85%,respectively.epoxiconazole and flusilazole with the increased application of ethylicin had no obvious synergistic effect on the disease control,but had certain effect on increasing the maize yield.In conclusion,25%pyraclostrobin EC,17%azoalkyl ether·epoxiconazole SC and 12.5%epoxiconazole SC could effectively control the occurrence of maize sheath rot in the field,and save the loss of maize yield to different extents,which could be used as a reference agent for controlling the disease.
作者
欧阳振华
阮妙鸿
黄伟群
甘林
代玉立
杨秀娟
OUYANG Zhen-hua;RUAN Miao-hong;HUANG Wei-qun;GAN Lin;DAI Yu-li;YANG Xiu-juan(Vannong High-tech Group Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian 350109,China;Fujian Seed General Station,Fuzhou,Fujian 350001,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Management/Fujian Research Center for Green Prevention and Control of Crop Pests,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)
出处
《福建农业科技》
CAS
2022年第8期74-78,共5页
Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
福建省科技计划项目--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2021R1024005)。
关键词
玉米鞘腐病
杀菌剂
防效
产量
Maize sheath rot
Fungicide
Prevention effect
Yield
