摘要
进入标准和退出机制的缺失是我国民航旅客黑名单广遭诟病的主要原因之一。应当以不轨行为的危害程度和再现概率以及旅客的主观恶性作为民航旅客是否被列入黑名单的主要标准。对于不轨行为危害程度的衡量,可从三个方面考虑:一是不轨行为本身的严重程度,二是不轨行为是否已经造成严重后果,三是不轨行为可能造成的后果。对于不轨行为再现概率的判断,主要考虑行为客观上是否“可反复性”,以及再现性概率之高低。对于不轨行为旅客主观恶性的确定,要结合行为是由于旅客缺乏航空知识所引起,还是由于旅客尚未养成良好旅行习惯所导致,抑或是旅客故意而为之等具体情况来判断。在立法上,应对民航旅客黑名单进入标准作出细致规定,统一规定旅客不轨行为并将其类型化,明确民航旅客黑名单进入机制和退出机制。
The lack of entry standards and exit mechanisms is one of the main reasons for the widespread criticism of China’s civil aviation passenger blacklist. The degree of harm and recurrence probability of misconduct and the subjective viciousness of passengers should be used as the main criteria for whether civil aviation passengers are blacklisted. For the measurement of the degree of harm of misconduct, the following three aspects can be considered: first, the severity of the misconduct itself, second, whether the misconduct has caused serious consequences, and third, the possible consequences of the misconduct. For the judgment of the recurrence probability of misconduct, the main consideration is whether the behavior is objectively“repeatable”and the probability of recurrence. For the determination of the subjective viciousness of passengers with misconduct, it is necessary to judge whether the behavior is caused by the passenger’s lack of aviation knowledge, or because the passenger has not yet developed good travel habits, or whether it is deliberately done by the passenger. In terms of legislation, detailed provisions should be made on the entry standards for the civil aviation passenger blacklist,unifying and categorizing passenger misconduct, and clarifying the entry mechanism and exit mechanism of the civil aviation passenger blacklist.
作者
高志宏
GAO Zhihong(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211106,China)
出处
《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第4期138-147,176,共11页
Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(20&ZD183)
江苏省人民检察院检察理论研究课题(SJ2022B23)。
关键词
黑名单
旅客不轨行为
民航安全
民航法
blacklist
passenger misconduct
civil aviation security
civil aviation law
