摘要
中国完成了包括民族地区在内的消除绝对贫困的目标任务,创造了彪炳史册的人类减贫奇迹。绝对贫困消除之后,解决相对贫困问题成为中国贫困治理的主要任务。其中,民族地区相对贫困治理需要引起高度关注。鉴于此,本文基于地方知识视角,利用新中国成立后至脱贫攻坚前到脱贫攻坚时期再到相对贫困治理新时期贵州省从江县友娘村村民饮酒风俗变迁的案例,探源民族地区贫困治理机制。研究结果表明:(1)饮酒风俗地方知识演化的非正式制度历经“无效非正式制度”到“无效与有效非正式制度博弈共存”再到“有效非正式制度”一系列变迁,是一个打破旧有路径依赖与创建有效制度路径的制度适应性效率提高的过程。(2)过度饮酒风俗地方知识演化的无效非正式制度既会造成村民人力资本的浪费和物质资本的耗费,又会导致村民堕入“等”“靠”“要”的贫困心理陷阱和陷入教育文化低水平的恶性循环。(3)适度饮酒风俗地方知识演化的有效非正式制度不仅有助于村民生产要素充分配置和生产组织方式系统优化,而且有益于提供激励以提升村民志智水平和推动信任构建。因此,民族地区在相对贫困治理新时期不仅要重视地方知识演化的非正式制度的作用,而且要对其加以识别扬弃,促进非正式制度适应生产力发展以提高制度适应性效率。
China has fulfilled the goals and tasks of eradicating absolute poverty,including in ethnic minority areas,and created a miracle of poverty reduction.After the elimination of absolute poverty,solving the problem of relative poverty has become the main task of poverty governance in China.Among them,the governance of relative poverty in ethnic minority areas needs to be highly concerned.In view of this,based on the perspective of local knowledge,this article explores the poverty governance mechanism in ethnic minority areas based on examining the case of Miao people’s drinking habits changes in Youniang Village,Congjiang County,Guizhou Province in the periods from the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the poverty alleviation period,and then to the relative poverty governance period.The results show that,first of all,the informal institutions of the evolution of local knowledge of drinking habits have undergone a series of changes from“invalid informal institutions”to“coexistence of invalid and effective informal institutions”,and then to“effective informal institutions”,which is a process of breaking the old path dependence and creating an effective institutional path to improve the efficiency of institutional adaptability.Secondly,the ineffective informal institutions of excessive drinking customs and local knowledge generation and evolution can not only cause the waste of human capital and material capital of Miao people,but also lead Miao people to fall into the poverty psychological trap of“waiting for,depending on and asking for assistance”and the vicious circle of low education and culture.Thirdly,the effective informal institutions of the generation and evolution of local knowledge of moderate drinking habits are not only conducive to the full allocation of production factors and the systematic optimization of production organization mode of Miao people,but also conducive to providing incentives to improve Miao people’s intellectual level and promote the construction of trust.Therefore,in the new period of relative poverty governance in ethnic minority areas,we should not only pay attention to the role of informal institutions in the generation and evolution of local knowledge but also make a clear clarification,so as to promote informal institutions to adapt to the development of productivity and improve the efficiency of institutional adaptability.
作者
洪名勇
娄磊
龚丽娟
李富鸿
HONG Mingyong;LOU Lei;GONG Lijuan;Li Fuhong
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期21-43,共23页
China Rural Survey
基金
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“空间距离、关系强度与农地流转契约履约机制研究”(编号:72163003)的阶段性成果。
关键词
民族地区
地方知识
非正式制度
制度适应性效率
贫困治理
Ethnic Minority Area
Local Knowledge
Informal System
Efficiency of Institutional Adaptability
Poverty Governance
