摘要
【目的】探究西乌珠穆沁旗典型草原群落物种多样性及功能群特征对不同管理方式的响应。【方法】分别选取放牧刈割草场(MG)、夏季放牧草场(SG)、冬季放牧草场(WG)、禁牧刈割草场(MP)4种草地管理方式,进行群落物种多样性和功能群特征的比较。【结果】夏季放牧草场物种组成单一,物种数显著低于其他管理方式,夏季放牧草场群落高度、盖度、密度、物种数均显著低于其他管理方式,且出现退化指示种;冬季放牧草场与禁牧刈割草场呈现群落间极不相似水平(q=0.24)。平均凋落物含量呈现禁牧刈割草场>放牧刈割草场>夏季放牧草场>冬季放牧草场,冬季放牧草场凋落物含量显著低于其他管理方式(P<0.05),冬季放牧草场Margalef丰富度与凋落物含量呈著负相关关系。夏季放牧草场Shannon-wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数显著低于其他管理方式(P<0.05)。放牧刈割草场丰富度指数、均匀度和地上生物量显著高于其余管理方式(P<0.05),同时刈割草场降低了优势种的重要值,相比禁牧割草场少7.59%,增加了多年生杂草和一二年生草本的重要值,有利于群落的稳定。【结论】夏季放牧草场存在草地退化情况,不利于草地健康的发展,需减轻放牧强度,可以适当对禁牧和冬季放牧草场进行优化利用,刈割放牧叠加处理更有利于典型草原可持续发展。
【Objective】The study aimed to explore response of species diversity and functional group characteristics of typical steppe communities to different management methods in west Wuzhunuqin banner.【Method】Four grassland management methods,namely grazing and mowing grassland(MG),summer grassland(SG),winter grassland(WG)and no grazing and mowing grassland(MP),were selected to compare the species diversity and functional group characteristics of grassland community.【Result】The species composition of grazing grassland in summer was single,and the number of species was significantly lower than that of other management methods.The height,coverage,density and species number of grassland community in summer were significantly lower than those of other management methods,and there were degradation indicator species;There was a significant difference between winter grassland and grazing forbidden grassland(q=0.24).The average litter content of grazing grassland was in the order of no-grazing pasture>grazing pasture>summer grazing pasture>winter grazing pasture,and the litter content of winter grazing pasture was significantly lower than that of other grazing pasture(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between Margalef abundance and litter content of winter grazing pasture.Shannon-wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index of grassland in summer were significantly lower than those of other management methods(P<0.05).The richness index,evenness and aboveground biomass of grazing and mowing grassland were significantly higher than those of other management methods(P<0.05).At the same time,mowing grassland reduced the important value of dominant species,which was 7.59%less than that of no grazing and mowing grassland,increased the important value of perennial weeds and perennial herbs,which was conducive to the stability of the community.【Conclusion】Grassland degradation in summer is not conducive to the healthy development of grassland,so the grazing intensity should be reduced.Grazing prohibition and winter grassland can be properly utilized.Mowing and grazing combined treatment is more conducive to the sustainable development of typical grassland.
作者
杨天成
李晓佳
海春兴
姜洪涛
张丽星
常耀文
YANG Tian-cheng;LI Xiao-jia;HAI Chun-xing;JIANG Hong-tao;ZHANG Li-xing;CHANG Yao-wen(College of Geographical Sciences,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China;Land Use and Remediation Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010022,China;College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期2180-2188,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
内蒙古社会科学基金项目(20B67)
内蒙古自然科学基金(2018MS04009)
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题(ZDZX2018058)
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY20019)。
关键词
典型草原
管理方式
物种多样性
功能群
Typical grassland
Management mode
Species diversity
Functional group
