摘要
目的 掌握玉树州重点人群碘营养现状及病情消长趋势,为采取针对性的防治措施和调整干预策略提供依据。方法 将玉树州每个县按东、西、南、北、中划分5个片区,在每个片区各随机抽取1个乡(镇/街道),每个乡(镇/街道)各抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿学生40名(年龄均衡,男女各半)。同时在每所小学所在乡,随机抽取20名孕妇。采集儿童及孕妇家中食用盐及尿样,检测盐碘、尿碘含量,并用B超法测量儿童甲状腺容积。结果 2017—2021年儿童甲肿率分别为0.81%(8/987)、0.25%(1/399)、0.75%(9/1 203)、0.68%(3/444)、0.25%(3/1 192);2016—2021年玉树州儿童尿碘中位数分别为181.4、185.45、181.35、154.54、170.5、168.62μg/L;孕妇尿碘中位数分别为111.5、165、155.49、181.63、228.1、204.26μg/L;玉树州儿童及孕妇家中食用盐非碘盐率分别为10.72%(172/1 605)、1.17%(21/1 791)、1.28%(23/1 794)、2.94%(53/1 805)、0.47%(8/1 709)、0(0/1 798),合格碘盐食用率分别为80.56%(1 293/1 605)、95.87%(1 717/1 791)、94.26%(1 691/1 794)、93.41%(1 686/1 805)、91.16%(1 558/1 709)、93.38%(1 679/1 798),其中2016年非碘盐率最高(χ^(2)=516.391,P<0.01),合格碘盐食用率最低(χ^(2)=107.318,P<0.01)。结论 玉树州碘缺乏病防治工作取得了显著成效,居民碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、孕妇碘营养水平稳步提升,儿童碘营养总体处于适宜水平。应继续加大防治力度,加强孕妇碘营养监测,阻断非碘盐、不合格碘盐冲击市场。
Objective To master the iodine nutrition status of key population in Yushu State and the trend of disease growth and decline,and provide the basis for taking targeted prevention measures and adjusting intervention strategies.Method Each county in Yushu State was divided into five districts according to the east,west,south,north and middle.One township(town/street) was randomly selected in each area,one primary school was selected in each township(town/street),and 40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 were selected in each primary school(balanced age,half male and half female).At the same time,20 pregnant women were randomly selected in each primary school where each primary school was located.Edible salt and urine samples were collected from children and pregnant women,salt iodine and urine iodine content were detected,and thyroid volume of children was measured by B ultrasound.Results The rates of goiter in children in 2017—2021 were 0.81%(8/987),0.25%(1/399),0.75%(9/1 203),0.68%(3/444) and 0.25%(3/1 192),respectively.The median urinary iodine of children in Yushu State from 2016 to 2021 was 181.4,185.45,181.35,154.54,170.5,168.62 μg/L,respectively.The median urinary iodine of pregnant women were 111.5,165,155.49,181.63,228.1,204.26 μg/L,respectively.The non-iodized salt rates of children and pregnant women in Yushu State were 10.72%(172/1 605),1.17%(21/1 791),1.28%(23/1 794),2.94%(53/1 805),0.47%(8/1 709) and 0(0/1 798),respectively.The qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 80.56%(1 293/1 605),95.87%(1 717/1 791),94.26%(1 691/1 794),93.41%(1 686/1 805),91.16%(1 558/1 709) and 93.38%(1 679/1 798),respectively.The non-iodized salt rate was the highest in 2016(χ^(2)=516.391,P<0.01),and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was the lowest(χ^(2)=107.318,P<0.01).Conclusion The prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in Yushu State has achieved remarkable results.The coverage rate of iodized salt,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women have steadily improved,and the iodine nutrition of children is generally at an appropriate level.We should continue to increase prevention and control efforts,strengthen iodine nutrition monitoring of pregnant women,and block the impact of non-iodized salt and unqualified iodized salt on the market.
作者
余慧珍
甘培春
孟献亚
杨佩珍
蔡生花
胡兰盛
李亚楠
陈勋
李强
YU Hui-zhen;GAN Pei-chun;MENG Xian-ya;YANG Pei-zhen;CAI Sheng-hua;HU Lan-sheng;LI Ya-nan;CHEN Xun;LI Qiang(Department for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining,Qinghai 811602,China)
出处
《中国地方病防治》
CAS
2022年第4期326-329,共4页
Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases
关键词
碘
儿童
孕妇
尿
盐类
甲状腺肿
Iodine
Children
Pregnant women
Urine
Salts
Thyroid goiter
