摘要
本研究利用2010—2020年浦东机场地面气象观测资料,分析了该机场霜天气的气候变化特点和天气要素特征,并定量估算了霜天气发生时相关气象要素的阈值,得到的主要结论如下。(1)近11年浦东机场年均霜日为13.2 d,多发生于11月至次年3月,具有显著的年、月变化特征。(2)浦东机场结霜时,地面为高压控制的晴夜。当最低气温偏低,相对湿度较大,且出现西南风(风速为0~4 m/s的静风或微风)时,易出现霜天气。结霜时的天气要素阈值存在月度差异,11月最低气温低于4℃时就有可能出现霜,较12月至次年3月阈值偏高。(3)温度和湿度条件是浦东机场形成霜的关键因素,预计夜间地面降温幅度达10.1~13.6℃,最低温度降至-2.5~0.6℃之间时,且相对湿度达到77.5%~96%时,易出现霜天气,晴夜的地面持续出现1~2 m/s的西南至偏西风,会增大浦东机场结霜的概率。
Based on the surface meteorological observation data of Pudong Airport from 2010 to 2020,the characteristics of climate change and weather factors of frost weather were analyzed,and the threshold values of related meteorological factors were quantitatively estimated.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)The average annual frost days of Pudong Airport in the past 11 years was 13.2 days,mostly occurring from November to March of the next year,with significant annually and monthly variation characteristics;(2)When Pudong Airport was sunny nigh with lower minimum temperature and higher relative humidity,the ground controlling by high pressure,with southwesterly wind blowing(static wind or breeze with a wind speed of 0~4 m/s),frost weather was likely to occur.There were monthly differences in the threshold of weather factors during frost.Frost was possible to occur when the minimum temperature was lower than 4 ℃ in November,which was higher than that in December to March of the following year.(3)Temperature and humidity conditions were the key factors for frost formation in Pudong Airport.When the ground temperature drop range was 10.1~13.6 ℃,with the lowest temperature dropping between-2.5~0.6 ℃,and the relative humidity reaching 77.5%~96%,frost weather was prone to occur.In the meantime,the persistent southwest to west wind of 1~2 m/s at sunny night would increase the probability of frost at Pudong Airport.
作者
李新峰
陈博
LI Xinfeng;CHEN Bo(EastChina Regional Air Traffic Management Bureau of Civil Aviation of China,Shanghai 200335,China)
出处
《河南科技》
2022年第22期97-101,共5页
Henan Science and Technology
基金
上海市科技攻关计划“基于风云卫星智能精准观测针对极端天气事件的长三角航空运行安全应对研究”(20dz1200700)。
关键词
霜
天气特征
气象阈值
浦东机场
frost
weather characteristics
meteorological thresholds
Pudong airport
