摘要
椎-基底动迂曲扩张综合征(vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia,VBD)属脑血管疾病中一种少见的特殊类型,患者可表现为无症状,也可表现为缺血性卒中、短暂性脑缺血发作、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑干或颅神经受压或梗阻性脑积水等血管性事件及压迫性事件。因其临床预后可能极差,所以为提高临床对该疾病的认识,进而提高该病的检出率,本文对VBD流行病学、病因、发病机制、危险因素、临床表现、影像学检查技术、诊断标准、治疗及预后进行综述。综述发现VBD发生与血管内弹力层或平滑肌层先天性的缺失及后天性因素如糖尿病等损害血管壁的疾病、抽烟等损伤血管内膜的生活习惯有关,血流动力学的改变可加速其进展,目前诊断仍依赖影像学检查,治疗上更倾向于对VBD相关并发症进行诊治,早期确诊及定期随访、控制其发展的危险因素是改善预后的关键。
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia(VBD)is a rare and specific type of cerebrovascular disease in which patients may present as asymptomatic or ischemic stroke,transient ischemic attack,subarachnoid hemorrhage,compression of the brainstem or cranial nerves,obstructive hydrocephalus,and other vascular events and compression events.This article reviews the epidemiology,etiology and pathological mechanism,risk factors for development,clinical manifestations,imaging techniques and diagnostic criteria,treatment,and prognosis of VBD to increase clinical understanding of the disease and thereby improve detection.This review found that VBD occurs in association with innate loss of the internal elastic lamina or smooth muscle layer and acquired factors such as diabetes and other diseases that damage the vascular wall,smoking,and other habits that damage the vascular intima.Hemodynamic changes accelerate its progression.At present,the diagnosis still depends on imaging examination,and the treatments focus more on VBDrelated complications.Early diagnosis,regular follow-up,and control of risk factors for its development are the key components to improve the prognosis.
作者
鲁珊妤
钱怡颖
郭立
LU Shanyu;QIAN Yiying;GUO Li(Department of Radiology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,No.374 Dianmian Avenue,Wuhua District,Kunming 650101,China)
出处
《中国神经精神疾病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期557-561,共5页
Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases
基金
云南省卫生健康委员会医学学科带头人(编号:D-2019024)。
关键词
椎动脉
基底动脉
迂曲扩张
发病机制
危险因素
临床表现
治疗
相关疾病
Vertebral
Artery
Basilar Artery
Tortuous
Dilatation
Pathogenesis
Risk factors
Clinical manifestation
Treatment
Related diseases
