摘要
数字技术作为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的颠覆性技术,其与实体经济的融合不仅改变了企业生产过程中的要素组合方式,更在区域乃至国家层面改变了全球价值链竞争格局,重塑了国际贸易规则。在全球价值链分工背景下,发达国家和发展中国家在技术发展水平、要素禀赋结构、产业基础、地理条件等方面存在天然差异,这种差异导致全球价值链分工的结果呈现非平衡发展趋势。在数字经济快速发展背景下,由于数据要素成为新的生产要素,全球价值链分工的非平衡发展产生了新的内涵,导致全球价值链加速非平衡发展。基于要素禀赋结构理论,通过建立“要素禀赋结构—技术利用状态—要素利用结构”的分析框架,将数据要素作为新的生产要素纳入生产函数,探索数字经济加速全球价值链非平衡发展的理论机制与中国对策。研究结果表明:全球数字经济已经进入快速发展时期,发达国家的数字化和智能化发展水平高于发展中国家,数字经济的发展红利并没有在发达国家和发展中国家之间共享;数据要素成为数字经济发展的关键要素,数据要素加速了要素禀赋结构的差异,进而导致全球价值链分工朝着不利于发展中国家的方向发展,数字经济正在加速全球价值链的非平衡发展;政策上应以强化数据要素禀赋为突破,充分利用数字经济背景下的全国统一大市场,发挥中国超大市场规模优势,促进要素资源向要素禀赋转变,将要素资源优势转化为要素禀赋优势,实现数字经济弯道超车;积极参与全球数字贸易规则和数字贸易治理体系建设,推动全球数字贸易规则谈判,积极通过区域全面经济伙伴关系协定、“一带一路”倡议合作框架、金砖国家合作机制等,建立以发展中国家为主导的安全开放的数字经济贸易规则;完善数字经济背景下的数字化人才培育机制建设,有效提升数字经济背景下企业人才需求和人才数字技能的动态适应性水平。
As a subversive technology leading a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,the integration of digital technology and the real economy has not only changed the combination of factors in the production process of enterprises,but also changed the global value chain competition pattern at the regional and national levels,reshaping the rules of international trade.In the context of global value chain,there are natural differences between developed countries and developing countries in terms of technology development level,factor endowment structure,industrial base,geographical conditions,etc.This difference leads to the unbalanced development trend of the division of labor in global value chain.In the context of the rapid development of the digital economy,as data elements become new production factors,the unbalanced development of the division of labor in the global value chain has generated new connotation,leading to the accelerated unbalanced development of the global value chain.Based on the theory of factor endowment structure,incorporating data factor into production function as new production factors,by establishing the analytical framework of“factor endowment structure-technology utilization state-factor utilization structure”,this paper explores the theoretical mechanism and China’s Countermeasures for how digital economy accelerates the unbalanced development of global value chain.The research results show that the digital economy has entered a period of rapid growth.The level of digital and intelligent development in developed countries is higher than that in developing countries.The development dividend of the digital economy has not been shared between developed and developing countries;Data factor has become the key factor in the development of digital economy.Data factor widens the gap of factor endowment structure between developed and developing countries,which leads to the development of global value chain in a direction unfavorable to developing countries and the unbalanced development of global value chain;In terms of policy,we should strengthen the endowment of data elements as a breakthrough,making full use of the unified national market in the context of the digital economy,give full play to China’s huge scale market advantages,promote the transformation of factor resources into factor endowments,transform factor resource.
作者
何宇
HE Yu(School of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)
出处
《西安财经大学学报》
CSSCI
2022年第6期27-39,共13页
Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“推动现代服务业同先进制造业深度融合研究”(21AZD018)。
关键词
数字经济
要素禀赋
全球价值链
数据要素
digital economy
factor endowment
the global value chain
data factor
