摘要
出土战国秦汉简帛典籍为了解刘向校书之前的文献校理情况提供了实物资料,揭示出汉籍文明的优厚底蕴。典籍文献的“同篇异制”“同卷异文”“复本多见”,简牍文书的钩校、合计、题示等文献校理形式以至汉初律典分门、别类、序次的整理,均显示出刘向等校理群书的现实渊源。自名为“录”的木楬,部分具有典籍“目录”的性质,无论是通过篇题木牍遍览典籍的内容,还是通过账簿一览钱物等情况,其作用均是简单、快捷地获取信息的全貌。序次是典籍校理的最重要工序,也是真正意义上之“目录”出现的关键。篇目序列的固定与广泛接受是典籍文本序列规范化的基础。战国秦汉简帛所见“目”“录”诸种形态,特别是海昏简牍中不仅有“录”有“目”,甚至有明确“以篇称”的“目录”,三者同墓共出,实际上体现出早期典籍文明中文献发展、演变的多样性。
The excavation of bamboo slips and writing on silk from the Warring States period and Qin and Han dynasties provides a material source for understanding the state of documentary collation prior to Liu Xiang’s collating work and reveals the richness of Chinese written culture.The phenomena of“different forms of the same text,”“different texts in the same volume,”and“many copies of the same text,”and forms of documentary collation such as the goujiao,heji,and tishi of the bamboo slips,as well as the division,classification,and ordering of the early Han dynasty legal code,all show that the collation of books by Liu Xiang and others was done following contemporary conventions.The wooden tally or luserved in part as a“catalog”(mulu)of the ancient texts.It was a simple and quick way to get a whole picture of the information,whether through browsing the contents of the classics by reading the titles recorded on wooden tablets or by accessing the information on money and goods recorded in account books.Ordering was the most important process in the collation of the classical works,and was the key to the emergence of the true sense of mulu.The fixed and widely accepted order of titles was the basis for the standardization of the sequence of classical texts.The various forms of muand lu as seen in the bamboo slips and silk from the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han dynasties reflect the diverse development and evolution of classical texts in early Chinese book culture.Specifically,in the three documents found in the tomb of the Marquis of Haihun,we see not only mu and lu,but also mulu which are explicitly“individual text titles.” The documents from the tomb actually show the documentary development and evolution of the early culture of classical works.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第9期183-203,208,共22页
Social Sciences in China
