摘要
[目的]测定不同施氮方式及氮肥施用量对高粱冠层光合特性及土壤微生物群落的影响,揭示施氮方式及用量对高粱地上部及地下部调控效应。[方法]以常规施肥方式及用量(氮肥180 kg·hm^(-2))为对照,设置6个不同施氮量下水肥一体化施氮方式处理,测定分析不同处理产量、冠层参数、光合特性、土壤微生物群落数量、物种组成及物种多样性差异,并对差异微生物进行16S功能预测。[结果]与常规施肥方式相比,水肥一体化施肥方式叶片氮含量和归一化植被系数增加0.68%~13.86%和7.94%~58.73%,净光合速率增加11.50%~17.06%;气孔导度增加33.32%~166.67%,单穗重和产量分别增加了0.02%~7.71%和0.52%~13.26%。土壤微生物变化特征中,水肥一体化方式5种Alpha多样性指数显著增加,种水平物种相对丰度也有增加,16S预测结果表明水肥一体化施肥方式土壤微生物具有更丰富的功能性。[结论]水肥一体化施氮方式能够显著改善群体冠层光合特性,增加籽粒产量,显著增加土壤中物质合成、离子转运和代谢等功能的微生物种群多样性及丰富度,其中氮肥施用160 kg·hm^(-2)的水肥耦合处理整体表现较优。
[Objective]The current study was aimed to reveal the effects of different nitrogen application methods and different application rates on the photosynthetic characteristics and soil microbial community of sorghum and the regulatory effects on the growth of shoot and underground parts of sorghum.[Methods]The conventional fertilization method and dosage(nitrogen fertilizer 180 kg·hm^(-2))was used as the control(CK)and six different nitrogen application rates were applied under the integrated water and fertilizer nitrogen application methods.The differences in yield,canopy parameters,photosynthetic characteristics,soil microbial community numbers,species composition and species diversity were determined and analyzed,and the 16S function of the different microorganisms was predicted.[Results]Compared with the conventional fertilization method(CK),the leaf nitrogen content and the normalized vegetation coefficient of the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method increased by 0.68%~13.86%and 7.94%~58.73%,respectively;the net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.50%~17.06%;the stomatal conductance rate increased by 33.32%~166.67%;the single ear weight and yield increased by 0.02%~7.71%and0.52%~13.26%,respectively.Among the characteristics of soil microbial changes,the five Alpha diversity indices increased and the relative abundance of species at the species level also increased in the water and fertilizer integration treatments.[Conclusion]The integrated nitrogen application of water and fertilizer can significantly improve the canopy photosynthetic characteristics of the population,increase the grain yield,significantly increase the diversity and abundance of microbial populations with functions such as material synthesis,on transport,and metabolism in the soil.The overall performance of water and fertilizer integrated treatments at 160 kg·hm^(-2)is better than others.
作者
王佳旭
张旷野
张飞
王艳秋
朱凯
张志鹏
Wang Jiaxu;Zhang Kuangye;Zhang Fei;Wang Yanqiu;Zhu Kai;Zhang Zhipeng(Sorghum Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第5期17-26,共10页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
辽宁省重点研发项目(2020JH2/10200014)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A22)
辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2022QN2317)
辽宁省农业科学院学科绩效补助项目(2022-HBZ-1008)
辽宁省农业科学院博士启动项目(2022BS0705)。
关键词
高粱
氮
产量
光合特性
土壤微生物
Sorghum
Nitrogen
Yield
Photosynthetic characteristics
Soil microorganisms
