摘要
冶金生产条件下的金属凝固问题极为复杂,除了多组元合金凝固过程具有的非平衡自组织现象之外,还受到几何尺寸、异质相、物理场等多种因素影响,研究难度很大。由于凝固对最终制品质量有显著影响,因此研究生产条件下的金属凝固过程,认识其组织、缺陷演变规律,进而优化工艺参数具有重要价值,而试验研究是发现现象、总结规律、验证数值模型的基础和关键,作用无可替代。总结了生产条件下金属凝固过程常用试验研究方法,重点关注了物理模拟、热模拟及工业试验法。物理模拟包括透明物质模拟、水模拟及低熔点金属模拟等,在观察凝固现象、揭示机理方面具有优势,但不能直接反映实际金属在冶金凝固过程中的现象和规律。热模拟方法则直接采用目标金属为试验材料,基于温度场的相似性进行试验模拟研究,能够直接反应冶金凝固过程,是一种成本较低且更为接近实际情况的研究手段。工业试验是验证模型和新技术不可或缺的研究手段,但是也存在成本较高、实施困难、周期长的特点。总体来说,几种试验研究方法各具特点和适用领域,综合运用多种方法开展研究,并进一步融合和发展新的研究手段是未来冶金凝固过程研究方法的发展趋势。
The metal solidification in metallurgical production is extremely complex.Besides the non-equilibrium self-organization phenomenon of the solidification process of multi-component alloys,it is also influenced by various factors,such as geometry,heterogeneous substrates,physical fields and so on,making it very difficult to study.Since solidification process has a significant impact on the quality of the final product,it is of great value to study it under production conditions,to investigate the evolution of structures and defects,and then to optimize the process parameters.While,experimental studies are the basis and key to investigate the phenomena,to find the laws,and to verify the numerical models.We review the common experimental research methods of metal solidification process under production conditions,focusing on physical simulation,thermal simulation and industrial experiment.The physical simulation,including transparent substance simulation,water simulation and low melting point metal simulation,has advantages in observing solidification phenomena and revealing mechanisms,but cannot directly reflect the phenomena and principles of actual metals in metallurgical solidification process.The thermal simulation method directly adopts the target metal as the experimental material and conducts experimental simulation research based on the similarity of the temperature field,which can directly reflect the metallurgical solidification process.It is a method with low cost and closer to the actual situation.Industrial experiments are an indispensable research tool to validate models and new technologies,but they are also characterized by high costs,difficulties in implementation,and long lead times.In general,several experimental research methods have their own characteristics and fields of application.Combining and developing different experimental methods is the future trend of metallurgical solidification process research.
作者
仲红刚
王人杰
翟启杰
ZHONG Hong-gang;WANG Ren-jie;ZHAI Qi-jie(Center for Advanced Solidification Technology,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)
出处
《钢铁》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期19-29,共11页
Iron and Steel
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52171039)
河北省重点研发计划资助项目(20311006D)。
关键词
金属凝固
试验方法
热模拟
物理模拟
工业试验
metal solidification
experimental method
thermal simulation
physical simulation
industrial experiment
