摘要
2019~2020年以陕单650(中熟)和东单60(晚熟)为材料,设置4个种植密度6.0×10^(4)、7.5×10^(4)、9.0×10^(4)和10.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2),研究密度对玉米产量及子粒含水率的影响。结果表明,增密可以提高不同熟期玉米品种的产量,陕单650在密度为9.0×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时最优产量为18083.5 kg/hm^(2),东单60在密度7.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时最优产量为17472.9 kg/hm^(2)。两个品种粒重及子粒含水率随密度的增大而减小,陕单650达到最大灌浆速率的天数、平均灌浆速率较东单60均早4 d和高0.06 g/d;陕单650和东单60子粒平均脱水速率为0.98%/d和0.93%/d,陕单650在生理成熟4 d后子粒含水率迅速降至25%。当密度为9.0×10^(4)株/hm^(2)时,陕单650的叶片干物质转运率明显高于东单60。通过适度增密提高产量、缩短生育期降低子粒水分的技术途径,协同实现陕西春玉米密植高产机械子粒收获生产。
From 2019 to 2020,Shaandan 650(medium maturity)and Dongdan 60(late maturity)were used as materials with four plant densities of 6.0×10^(4),7.5×10^(4),9.0×10^(4) and 10.5×10^(4) plants/ha were set to study the effects of density on maize yield and grain moisture content.The results showed that increasing density could increase the grain yield with different maturity maize hybrids,the optimized yield of Shaandan 650 was 18083.49 kg/ha when the density was 9.0×10^(4) plants/ha,while that of Dongdan 60 was 17472.9 kg/ha when the density was 7.5×10^(4) plants/ha.The grain weight and grain moisture content of the two hybrids decreased with the increase of density.Days of Shaandan 650 reaching the maximum grain filling rate and the average grain filling rate were 4 d earlier and 0.06 g/d higher than those of Dongdan 60.The average grain dehydration rate of Shaandan 650 and Dongdan 60 were 0.98%/d,and 0.93%/d,and the grain moisture content of Shaandan 650 decreased rapidly to 25%after 4d of physiological maturity.When the density was 9.0×10^(4) plants/ha,leaf and material transport rates of Shaandan 650 were significantly higher than that of Dongdan 60.Therefore,through the technical approach of moderate densification to increase grain yield and shorten the growth period to reduce grain moisture,Shaanxi spring maize dense planting and high-yield mechanical grain harvest production were realized.
作者
杨梅
王晨光
杨林
裴文东
吴希
王国兴
张仁和
YANG Mei;WANG Chen-guang;YANG Lin;PEI Wen-dong;WU Xi;WANG Guo-xing;ZHANG Ren-he(College of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100;Shaanxi Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Xi’an 710000;Hefei Fengle Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230000;B aoji Dixing Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Mei County 722300,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期90-98,共9页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300304)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017ZDCXL-NY-02)。
关键词
玉米
种植密度
干物质积累
子粒含水率
产量
Maize
Planting density
Dry matter accumulation
Moisture content
Yield
