摘要
发展光伏能源是构建清洁能源体系、实现社会经济发展绿色低碳转型的重要举措,明确光伏发电系统的碳中和路径,辨识其影响因素对于能源转型从而促进碳中和目标实现具有重要意义。本文基于生命周期评价,解析了光伏发电系统的碳排放特征,探讨了光伏发电系统全生命周期碳收支和光伏阵列下草地生态系统固碳增汇的影响因素。研究发现:(1)功率为500 k W的光伏电站从生产到废弃处理全过程碳排放量约为1.00×10^(6)kg;(2)相比标准煤发电,其全生命周期中减碳量约为3.05×10^(5)kg/a,节省标准煤约1.24×10^(5)kg/a;(3)若光伏阵列下草地生态系统固碳速率以0.33 Mg C/(hm^(2)·a)为参考,全生命周期内草地生态系统的固碳量约为8.25 Mg,考虑其相比标准煤发电的减碳量后,500 kW光伏发电系统约需3.27年可以中和其生产建造过程的碳排放。光伏组件和设备生产过程中各阶段的能耗、光伏场地气候特征等均会影响光伏发电系统碳中和目标的实现,采用节能环保材料、改进生产工艺、优化光伏场地选址、构建“光伏+生态修复”协同发展技术可以有效提升光伏发电系统的碳中和效率及固碳增汇能力。
Identifying the carbon neutralization pathways of photovoltaic power generation system and its influencing factors are important for energy transformation and promoting the realization of the carbon neutralization goal.In this study,carbon emissions of photovoltaic power plants and their composition characteristics were analyzed based on life cycle assessment.Influencing factors of carbon emissions of photovoltaic power generation system and related influencing factors of carbon sequestration rates in grassland ecosystem under photovoltaic panels were discussed.The results show that through the entire life cycle,carbon emissions of a typical photovoltaic power plant with a power of 500 k W was 1.00×10^(6)kg.When compared with standard coal power generation,the carbon reduction by photovoltaic power generation system during its entire life cycle was 3.05×10^(5)kg/a.If the carbon sequestration rate of grassland ecosystem under photovoltaic panels were selected as 0.33 Mg C/(hm^(2)·a)year,the carbon reduction amount of the grassland ecosystem was about 8.25 Mg through the entire life cycle.Considering its carbon reduction relative to standard coal power generation,it will take 3.27 years for a typical photovoltaic power plant with a power of 500 kW to achieve carbon neutrality.Analysis on the influencing factors of carbon neutrality in photovoltaic system showed that both energy consumption at each stage of photovoltaic module production and climatic factors of photovoltaic power plants will affect the achievement of carbon neutrality goals.To improve the efficiency of carbon neutralization and increase the carbon sequestration capacity of the grassland ecosystem under photovoltaic panels,usage of energy-saving and environment-friendly materials,improvement of photovoltaic module production technologies,optimization of photovoltaic power plant site selection,and development of collaborative technology of photovoltaic system and ecological restoration should be considered.
作者
王鑫淼
马志勇
周旺潇
黄勇
陈利顶
杨磊
WANG Xinmiao;MA Zhiyong;ZHOU Wangxiao;HUANG Yong;CHEN Liding;YANG Lei(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100085,China;University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Three Gorges Group Yunnan Energy Investment Company,Kunming 650051,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1735-1744,共10页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院青年创新促进会(2018057)
中国科学院生态环境研究中心碳达峰碳中和生态环境技术专项(RCEES-TDZ-2021-13)
中国生态学学会项目(清洁能源生产对生态环境的潜在影响)。
关键词
清洁能源
光伏发电
生命周期分析
碳中和
生态系统固碳
clean energy
photovoltaic power generation
life cycle assessment
carbon neutralization
ecosystem carbon sequestration
