摘要
现代国际贸易体制是建立在第二次世界大战之后形成的布雷顿森林体系之上的。从起初的关税及贸易总协定到现在的世界贸易组织,美国在引领多边贸易体制构建的同时,也在不断调整自己的对外贸易政策。自特朗普政府上台后,美国频频退出一些国际组织,还对包括中国在内的部分世界贸易组织成员采取贸易保护主义政策。世界贸易组织不同于关税及贸易总协定,包括争端解决机构做出的裁决在内,世界贸易组织规则对其成员具有强制约束力。世贸组织成员任何涉及多边贸易体制和其他成员利益的举动都可能产生“牵一发而动全身”的效应。美国对其他成员采取贸易制裁措施摆脱不了世界贸易组织规则的约束。因此,从多边贸易体制视角研究美国贸易政策是一条可行的路径,而美国贸易政策的变化也为观察多边贸易体制的走向提供了一个独特的视角。
The current international regime was established on the Bretton Woods system after the Second World War. From GATT to the WTO, the United States is adjusting its trade policies while it is leading the building of a multilateral trade regime. Since President Trump took power, the United States has withdrawn from some international organizations and taken protective trade measures against certain WTO members including China. The WTO is different than GATT as its rules and the rulings made by DSB are binding on WTO members. The trade measures taken by any member, which concern the multilateral trade regime and the interests of other members, may create a fundamental impact. The protective trade measures taken by the U.S. government need to conform to WTO rules. Therefore, it is productive to study U.S. trade policies from the multilateral trade regime while the changes in US trade policies will also give us a unique perspective to learn the direction of the multilateral trade regime.
出处
《美国研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期117-132,7,8,共18页
The Chinese Journal of American Studies
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“我国转基因食品规制法律体系构建研究”(项目编号:18ZDA147)的阶段性成果。
