摘要
对可燃材料进行阻燃处理,可以在一定程度上提高材料抵抗被引燃和火焰蔓延的能力,降低热释放速率和总热释放量,减小材料在火灾条件下的热危害。但是对材料进行阻燃处理并不是万全之策,在较高的热辐射或环境温度下,阻燃材料仍然能够发生燃烧,同时由于阻燃剂的填加,会引入一些毒性元素,加之阻燃剂的燃烧抑制作用和燃烧时环境氧浓度相对较低,使材料燃烧不完全,因此阻燃材料燃烧时毒性气体的产量可能比非阻燃材料高,给火灾中未能及时疏散的人员带来更大的生命危险。综合分析了常见材料的阻燃技术及应用领域,综述了阻燃材料火灾烟气毒性的相关研究,并在此基础上提出了典型阻燃材料火灾毒性烟气释放规律研究方面存在的有待进一步研究的问题和可行的方法。以期为科学、全面的评价材料的火灾危险性提供研究参考。
Flame retardant treatment of flammable materials can improve the ability of materials to resist ignition and flame spreading to a certain extent,reduce the heat release rate and total heat release,and reduce the thermal hazard of materials in fire conditions.However,flame retardant treatment of materials is not a panacea.Flame-retardant materials can burn at high thermal radiation or ambient temperature.At the same time,due to the addition of flame retardants,some toxic elements will be introduced.The effect of the combustion repression of flame retardants and relatively low ambient oxygen concentration during combustion make the combustion of materials incomplete.Therefore,the production of toxic gases produced by flame-retardant materials during combustion may be higher than those produced by non-flame-retardant materials,which will bring greater danger to people who fail to evacuate in time in the fire.The flame retardant technology and application fields of common materials were analyzed.The related researches on fire smoke toxicity of flame retardant materials were reviewed.On these bases,the problems and feasible methods for further study on the release regularity of fire toxic smoke from typical flame retardant materials were put forward.In order to provide research references for scientific and comprehensive evaluation of fire hazard of materials.
作者
王霁
杨永斌
WANG Ji;YANG Yong-bin(School of Fire Protection Engineering,China People's Police L niversity,Langfang 065000,China;School of Overseas Security and Protection,China People's Police Lniversity,Langfang 065000,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2022年第32期14100-14109,共10页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
河北省自然科学基金(E2021507005)。
关键词
阻燃材料
火灾
毒性烟气
释放规律
flame retardant materials
fire
toxic smoke
release regularity
