摘要
发展森林食品是“两山”理论的重要实践,森林食品标准对森林食品产业健康发展起到关键作用。森林食品现行标准体系存在3个主要问题:基础性标准缺位;团体标准裂化且缺乏有效性;森林食品品质定位不清晰。因基础性标准缺位必然导致标准裂化,现行标准缺少对森林食品的准确定位,重构标准成为必然。重构森林食品标准的关键是将森林食品定位为“具有森林元素的有机食品”,以有机食品标准为基准,重构森林食品行业标准,在此基础上发展地方标准、团体标准。
⑴Background——Forest food is a kind of safe and high-quality food with economic benefits,ecological benefits and social benefits,mainly including forest grain and oil,forest fruits and vegetables,forest beverages,forest medicinal materials and so on.However,it is not well known by consumers and has not gained absolute competitive advantages even though such concepts as ecological protection and green development are widely spread.There are still lack of international researches on forest food,domestic researches on forest food only focus on the current situations and problems of forest food industry development,there are lack of researches on the forest food standards.⑵Methods——Firstly,the establishment and development process of forest food standards in China were reviewed.Then,by comparing the system at the beginning of the establishment of the forest food standards with the current system,structural problems in the current system were found.Finally,by comparing the forest food group standards and the national standards of organic food,the problem of forest food positioning was found.⑶Results——Through multidimensional comparison,the following three problems are found:First,the current industry standards and group standards,to varying degrees,still invoke some industry standards that have been abolished,even though some standards have been revised several times.These standards have lost their forces of law.Second,the group standards for forest food are confusing,fragmented and lack of validity.At present,there are two similar concepts in the domestic consumer markets——“forest food”and“eco-forest food”.Both of them are the inheritance of the concept of forest food,but their standards are different in the classification of forest food,environment of production areas,production processes and other aspects.The contradiction of the two group standards reduces the validity of the standards and tends to confuse consumers,which is not conducive to the establishment of forest food markets.In addition,the group standards are lack of operability,exploration,guidance and innovation.Third,the positioning of forest food is ambiguous.There is a contradiction between the quality positioning and quality grade of forest food,which does not match.Vague positioning not only easily leads to false publicity,but also hinders the establishment of forest food brands and reduces the market shares of forest food.Due to the lack of basic standards for forest food in China,the abolished basic standards have no value for improvement,and it is difficult to reach a consensus in formulating industry standards and group standards in the future,which will inevitably lead to confusion and fragment of forest food standards.Moreover,the intrinsic meaning and pursuit of forest food determine its possible choice of quality positioning,so we should strictly grasp the bottom line of standards formulation and consider its contents from multiple levels and perspectives.Therefore,only reconstruction can solve the problem of the forest food standards.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——First,in the reconstruction of forest food standards system,three principles should be followed:industry standards define basic standards,local standards determine specific indicators,and group standards lead the development direction.We should give full play to the basic role of industry standards,the promoting role of local standards and the guiding role of group standards and make all levels of standards coordinated and complementary.Second,reposition forest food as“organic food with forest elements”,that is,forest food is a kind of organic food.We classify forest food as organic food,which not only contributes to the formulation of the standards,but also helps forest food establish its brand image,increase consumers’willingness to pay for it,and help forest food enter the international markets as high-quality agricultural products.This paper puts forward these suggestions on the standards reconstruction of forest food from the perspective of promoting the development of forest food industry.However,how to balance the development of forest food industry and ecological protection is worthy of further discussion.
作者
刘文畅
彭志远
LIU Wenchang;PENG Zhiyuan(College of Economics and Management,Southwest Foresty University,Kunming,650224 China)
出处
《林业经济问题》
北大核心
2022年第5期516-523,共8页
Issues of Forestry Economics
基金
云南省省院省校教育合作人文社科项目(SYSX202003)。
关键词
森林食品
有机食品
标准
重构
forest food
organic food
standards
reconstruction
