摘要
研究于2019—2021年在西藏拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地使用刺网和地笼等组合渔具开展了鱼类实地调查,分析了外来鱼类物种组成、优势种和群落功能多样性,并结合已发表的文献资料,探讨了西藏湿地外来鱼类群落结构的变动趋势及影响。结果表明,共采集到外来鱼类10种,隶属于4目5科,包括鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、丁鱥(Tinca tinca)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、小黄䱂(Micropercops swinhonis)和中华青鳉(Oryzias sinensis)。外来鱼类的个体数和重量分别占本地种和外来种总渔获物的94.86%和70.71%,其中主要组成为鲫和麦穗鱼等小型鱼类。相对重要性指数(IRI)表明鲫、麦穗鱼、大鳞副泥鳅和鲤4种为拉鲁湿地外来鱼类优势物种,鲫、麦穗鱼和小黄䱂3种为茶巴朗湿地的优势物种。在拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地鱼类种类组成、个体数量和生物量中外来鱼类均已占据优势地位,且外来鱼类的群落功能多样性(FD)亦高于土著鱼类。结合历史数据,西藏拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地已记录外来鱼类12种,其中具高度入侵风险物种达6种,外来鱼类物种数从2000年左右的2种增加到现在的10种,且丁鱥和中华青鳉分别在西藏自然水体中和茶巴朗湿地中首次被发现。此外,两个湿地12种外来鱼类均为拉萨市场中的常见经济鱼类及携带鱼类,是由于放生而进入湿地自然水体中,且鲫、大鳞副泥鳅和麦穗鱼等均已建立自然种群。因此,加强对放生的科学管理及开展外来鱼类的长期监测,是防范外来鱼类入侵及高原湿地生物多样性保护的迫切任务。
Wetlands have many ecological functions,such as water conservation,flood control and species diversity conservation.With the rapid development of the local society and economy,the wetland ecosystem in Tibet Autonomous Region is under the influence of human activities.We used a combination of gill nets and plastic cages to conduct fish surveys in Lhalu and Chabalang wetlands from 2019 to 2021.We collected 10 non-native fishes belonging to 4 orders,5 families,including Carassius auratus,Pseudorasbora parva,Cyprinus carpio,Tinca tinca,Abbottina rivularis,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,Paramisgurnus dabryanus,Silurus asotus,Micropercops swinhonis and Oryzias sinensis.The nonnative species were mainly composed of fishes with small sizes(e.g.C.auratus and P.parva),and accounted for 94.86%and 70.71%of total catches by the individual and weight,respectively.Based on the index of relative importance(IRI),C.auratus,P.parva,P.dabryanus and C.carpio were non-native fish dominant species in Lhalu Wetland,and C.auratus,P.parva and M.swinhonis were non-native fish dominant species in Chabalang Wetland.The richness,abundance,biomass and functional diversity index of non-native fishes were higher than those of native fishes in both Lhalu Wetland and Chabalang Wetland.Combined with historical data,12 non-native fish species have been recorded in Lhalu Wetland and Chabalang Wetland,including 6 species at high risk of invasion.Meanwhile,the number of non-native fish species has increased from 2 to 10,and T.tinca and O.sinensis were firstly collected from natural waters in Tibet Autonomous Region and Chabalang Wetland,respectively.In addition,non-native fish species in the two wetlands were all common economic fish and attached fish in the market in Lhasa City,which were released into the natural waters by humans.At present,the natural populations of C.auratus,P.dabryanus and P.parva have been established.The scientific management of fish releases and long-term monitoring of non-native fishes should be urgently carried out to prevent the invasion of non-native fish species and protect the biodiversity in plateau wetlands.
作者
朱仁
隋晓云
孙欢欢
贾银涛
冯秀
陈毅峰
ZHU Ren;SUI Xiao-Yun;SUN Huan-Huan;JIA Yin-Tao;FENG Xiu;CHEN Yi-Feng(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Science Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期1761-1769,共9页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
国家重大科技专项第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0501和2019QZKK0304)
国家自然科学基金(31900374)
中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿项目资助。
关键词
外来鱼类
湿地
物种组成
功能多样性
西藏
Non-native fish
Wetland
Species composition
Functional diversity
Tibet Autonomous Region
